The transfer of mixtures of hexane and toluene in thermoplastic polyurethanes used in the production of tanks for temporary storage and transportation of liquid fuels has been investigated. The standard methodology for estimating the diffusion permeability of polymers is not the basis for modeling the natural loss of fuels during storage. A model for estimating natural loss is proposed, the equations of which describe the linear dependences of the decrease in the mass of fuels in tanks in the coordinate of a conditional time equal to the square root of time. The efficiency of the proposed model depends on the composition of the hexane-toluene mixture, since the composition of the mixture affects the limiting stage of the process, which determines the dependence of the natural loss either on the diffusion rate of the fuel in the tank shell, or on the volatilization of the released fuel from the outer surface of the tank.
In the creation of new polymeric composite materials, the use of biologically active substances, e.g. the hydrolysis products of keratin-containing proteins of different structure, is promising. The possibility of using keratin hydrolysates as modifying additives for improving different properties of various elastomer composites is shown. These are vulcanising agents and vulcanisation accelerators for composite materials based on synthetic polyisoprene; secondary vulcanising agents for elastomer materials based on chlorine-containing rubbers; vulcanisation accelerators for composites. The use of these compounds makes it possible to remove from the composition of materials ecologically harmful components and ingredients that are produced from non-renewable sources of raw material, to solve a number of economic problems, associated, among other things, with the need for import replacement, and also to produce latex composites that in their properties approach latexes of natural rubber.
The analysis of methods for assessing the diffusion permeability of polymer materials is carried out. The limitations of the methods for determining the tightness time and the rate of fuel bleeding from elastic tanks based on thermoplastic polyurethanes are shown. To solve the set tasks, an approach is proposed related to establishing dependencies of the kinetics of diesel fuel bleeding in the coordinate system of the conditional time, which was calculated as the square root of the process time. The tightness time and rate of fuel bleeding depends on the degree of filling of the tank during testing.
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