The Barmaky cultural deposits accumulated under the harsh climatic conditions of the periglacial zone at about 19 kyr cal BP. It is difficult to overestimate the meaning of lithic raw material supply as a component of the technological organization of mobility patterns of hunter-gatherer groups. The applied core reduction strategies are an integral part of the technological chain of raw material management. The two discrete core reduction strategies were defined for the flint assemblage of Barmaky, level 2: blade and bladelet / micro-blade. The former is based on the reduction of the sub-, cylindrical and narrow flaking surface cores; the latter is based on the exploitation of the narrow flaking surface cores. The blade cores were the source of lamellar products for the «domestic» toolkit; the bladelet / micro-blade cores reduction aimed at the insets for distant weapons.
The Upper Paleolithic site Barmaky, 2nd cultural layer from Volyhnia-Lublin upland is the most western manifestation of Epigravettian of the Mid Dnieper basin. During several field campaigns the 147 m2 of cultural deposits with three pits and one chalk / marl concentration were studied (fig. 1). The silty-loess deposits of Barmaky, 2 accumulated about 19 kyr cal BP (table 1) under the permafrost conditions. The fauna assemblage is represented by: mammoths, bison, reindeer, red deer, horse, bear, wolf, wolverine, polar fox, fox and hare. More than 100 thousand artifacts were recovered during the last two field campaigns. In essential account (without chips, chunks, unidentifiable debitage), the artifacts assemblage is represented by: cores and pre-cores — 0.87 %; flakes — 45.23; blades — 17.34; bladelets — 14.27; micro-blades — 7.34; burin spalls — 8.08; tools — 6.79 % (table 2). The reduction sequences are based on the flaking of uni-, bidirectional sub-cylindrical and narrow flaking surface unidirectional cores for blades and bladelets (table 3; fig. 2). There is no evidence of micro-blade technology implication. The structure of tool-kit is characterized by the dominance of burins — about 50 %; microliths — 25 %; and truncated pieces — about 18 % (table 4). The rest of tool classes are represented by a few percentages each. Among them are the end-scrapers on blades with truncated base (fig. 3). The most part of burins are represented by pieces made on obliquely truncated blades (table 5; fig. 4). Also, the obliquely truncated blades dominate the truncated pieces assemblage (table 6; fig. 5). The most representative type of microliths is the micro-points with abruptly retouched straight back and obliquely retouched base (table 7; fig. 6). The points, pendants, bracelet fragment made on tusk and perforated fossil marine shells from local chalk deposits are available. The composition of microliths, burins and end-scrapers in Barmaky, 2 tool-kit is characteristic to the cultural layers beyond the dwelling structures on such base-camps as Mezhyrich (fig. 7). Also, the presences of pits and fauna composition are close to what expected from Epigravettian base-camps. The artifacts assemblage of Barmaky, 2 belongs to the Mizyn industry. Also, Barmaky, 2 is the earliest manifestation of Epigravettian in the Mid Dnieper basin.
This article deals with new flint collection (surface materials) from Upper Paleolithic site Pushkari III near v. Pushkari Novgorod-Siversky district of the Chernihiv region. Site is located on the high right bank of the Desna River, and occupies the southwestern part of the Cape of Pogon. The flint collection of artifacts is 910 items, more of them are flakes, blades, cores, chunks and chips. In addition, 107 tools were found, of theme: retouched blades and flakes, burins, end scrapers, combined tools (end scraper / burin). A non-numerical microlithic complex amounting to only 6 units proved to be rather informative and atypical. It consists of one rectangle, three medial fragments and two proximal fragments, probably points. The presence of a microlith complex in a pivotal, in one case practically vertical, dulling retouch contrasts sharply with the microlithic products of Pushkar I and Pogon. And in combination with ventral thawing on one of the products, an analogy with the points of the Molodovo 5 layer 7. For a more detailed analysis, the determination of the place and role of the above-described material in understanding the problem of the dynamics of the settlement of Pogonese capes before and after LGM requires archaeological research.
In order to determine the degree of relatedness of archaeological sites, it is important to study lithic assemblages originated from relatively closed archaeological objects and which can serve as a reference for a comparative analysis of several industries. This article analyses a separate archaeological object - a flint Workshop 1 - against the background of the overall structure of the lithic assemblage of the fourth household unit. The Workshop 1 was discovered during the excavations of the fourth dwelling of the Mezhyrich epigravettian site in 2018-2020. The history of the study of this dwelling and lithic assemblage of the fourth unit, the conditions of detection and the context of the Workshop 1 location, the typological-statistical and technological features of the flint artifacts, obtained as a result of the latest excavations of the fourth dwelling filling, are given. Analysis of the distribution of finds together with stratigraphic observations allow us to assert at least two living surfaces into the dwelling. Planigraphic features of the trench studied in dwelling demonstrate the functional specialization of different parts of the interior space. The study revealed two different areas on both sides of the central part with the remains of the hearth. Cultural remains in the south-western part testify to fur and leather processing operations here, while in the north-eastern part of the trench there is clear evidence of flint knapping operations and the manufacture of tools, which in turn related to leather processing. Data on the spatial distribution of flint products in other dwellings of the Mezhyrich settlement reveal common features in the organization of living space. Such peculiarities of the behaviour of the prehistoric inhabitants require the search for more distant analogies on the mezhyrichian industry sites and among the Upper Palaeolithic population of Eastern Europe in general. Keywords: Upper Palaeolithic, Epigravettian, household unit, workshop, lithic technology.
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