Introduction: Nowadays, all over the world the requirements for drug quality have become more and more strict and its evaluation is one of the most important tasks. Usually, input quality control of medicines and other groups of goods is carried out organoleptically (mainly visually) by authorized people from pharmaceutical establishments. Primary packaging is one of the most critical components in this process, because it strongly influences the possibility of visual control of goods and, of course, it should be transparent.
The article studies in detail the disease of the mixed form of infectious diseases of honey bee brood. The characteristics of pathogens, features of diagnostics and control of this disease of honey bees are indicated. When conducting epizootic monitoring of bee diseases encountered in surveyed apiaries, it was found that a large percentage of mycosis lesions is associated with the weakening of bee families resulting from adverse weather conditions and insufficient feed base (50-68.3 %). It was further complicated by the process of varrosy invasion, which occurred in all surveyed apiaries with an invasion intensity of more than 4%. In studying the effect of weather conditions on the epizootic process, a peculiarity of the course of infectious breeding diseases in the bee family was established. It was characterized by the onset of symptoms of ascospherosis (solid chalky pieces in the cell and at the bottom of the hive) during periods of adverse weather (cold, prolonged rain). Symptoms of ascospherosis appeared not only in healthy families but also in families undergoing treatment. During the laboratory examination of dead larvae, cultures of different pathogens were isolated. A study of the contamination of cellular honey, which was selected from sick and conditionally healthy bee families, indicated that Ascosphaera apis culture was more commonly isolated and 100% contaminated. We also calculated the epizootic index of infectious diseases of bees that were found on the apiaries surveyed. Ascospherosis was found to be the longest recorded in comparison with other infectious diseases and the epizootic index was accordingly higher. And the development of European foulbroods, other types of rot and aspergillosis occurred against the background of bee ascospherosis. In a study of intestinal toxic effects of active sodium hypochlorite at concentrations of 0.7%, 0.5% and 0.25% a.d., it was found that the drug did not cause bee death within 72 hours after feeding in any group of bees. Active sodium hypochlorite effectively decontaminates test objects at a concentration of 2.5 g / l for two hours. When using cells from sick families, the concentration of 5.0 g / l was effective.
In the production of poultry products, special attention is paid to diseases the causative agents of which are common for poultry and humans; as far as poultry products contaminated with pathogenic and opportunistic microor-ganisms are a potential source of infections, toxic infections and toxicoses in humans. We studied the bacterial risks at all main stages of the industrial production of chicken food grade eggs and, the main critical control points of production were defined in compliance with the principles of the HACCP system.
Chicken eggs are a staple food for humans and are consumed all over the world. Chicken eggs have a leading position among food products in terms of nutritional value and taste. During storage, under the influence of air oxygen and microorganisms, eggs deteriorate, contamination of opportunistic and pathogenic microflora increases. Purpose: analysis of the results of bacteriological studies of eggs of various producers during automatic and manual sorting and packaging from the trading network in Sumy and the Sumy region in accordance with DSTU 5028:2008 “Edible hen eggs. Specifications” and Microbiological Criteria for Establishing Food Safety Indicators. Materials and methods. Bacteriological studies of shell washings and egg contents were carried out according to standard methods. Samples of edible chicken eggs with automatic and manual sorting and packaging corresponded to DSTU 5028:2008, Microbiological criteria for establishing food safety indicators and BIE No. 5061-89. Pathogenic and opportunistic pathogens of bacterial diseases were not isolated from the surface of eggs of the control group during automated sorting and packing, spore bacteria of the genus Bacillus (Bacillus subtilis) were isolated. In washes from the egg shell surface with manual sorting and packaging, Streptococcus spp was found – 12 % of the number of samples examined, E. faecalis – 34 %, P. aeruginosa – 11 %, and spore bacteria of the genus Bacillus (B. subtilis) – 43 %. The number of QMA&OAMO and CGB (coli-forms) in both groups corresponded to the established norms, but the QMA&OAMO indicator in the products of enterprises with manual collection and packaging was 34 % higher compared to eggs from enterprises with automated sorting and packaging. Automation of the process of sorting and packing eggs provides the best microbiological indicators of the safety of edible hen eggs in comparison with those when using manual labor during sorting and packing. A complete transition to the automation of production processes for the production of edible eggs in Ukraine is required.
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