In order to change the viscosity of high-resinous oil of the “Karazhanbas” field (Kazakhstan), the effect of electrohydraulic action on it was studied. The effect of adding an organic solvent xylene on the rheological properties of oil is investigated. A comparative study of the hydrocarbon composition of oil before and after electrohydraulic impact was carried out by the method of gas chromatographymass spectrometry. Fragment composition of oil hydrocarbons before and after electrohydraulic treatment was determined by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. It is shown that the conversion of heavy oil fractions to light ones begins with a five-time electrohydraulic impact. It is determined that 20‒25 electric discharge pulses are sufficient for the quantitative process of splitting hydrocarbons. It was found that the addition of xylene to high-viscosity oil leads to an increase in the conversion of hydrocarbons under electrohydraulic action. The content of paraffins and naphthalenes in high-viscosity oil is slightly reduced during electrohydraulic processing. In oil, after electrohydraulic action, a decrease in the proportion of protons of long alkyl terminal СН3-groups of hydrocarbons is observed, which indicates the process of decomposition of heavy oil fractions into light fractions.
An experimental study of the combustion of two isomers of n-pentane and iso-pentane in laminar cool flames has been carried out. Three flames were studied, one with n-pentane, the second with iso-pentane, and the third with an equimolar mixture of the two isomers. Particular attention has been given to the low temperature region ahead of the hot region of the flame and the cool flame chemistry occurring there. A unique experimental facility has been used to provide access to this cool flame region. Comparisons are made of the structures of the three flames, with particular attention on the different intermediate species produced and the correlations between the fuel molecule structure and the specific intermediates produced.
In oils, oil products and oil fractions, which do not contain paraffins, the action of depressors is useless. In this connection, the research of depressor properties of experimental samples of demulsifying compositions became possible only in regions where highly paraffinic oils are extracted, prepared and transported. Joint researches concerning the study of effect of the developed composite reagents on the rheology of heavy oil from Zhangurshi deposit of the West Kazakhstan region was carried out at al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Institute of Combustion Problems and the Kazan Scientific-Research Technological University. Conducting a comparative evaluation of the wetting power of a number of surfactants made it possible to obtain information on the efficiency of the inversion of wetting in oil-dispersed systems during the destruction of water-oil emulsions. In this work, the express methods for determining of wetting-deterging action of a wide range of different classes and types of surfactants are used, which makes it possible to make a comparative assessment of their effectiveness in a short time. During the research, it was supposed that the washing process of adsorption hydrocarbon layer, including tar-asphaltene substances, from the surface of particles of mechanical impurities involved in stabilization of water-oil emulsion should be preceded by a wetting process.
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