IntroductionChildbirth represents for women a time of vulnerability to postpartum mood disorders. These disorders range in severity from the early maternal blues to postpartum psychosis. Along this spectrum is postpartum depression (PPD) that may have many risk factors.ObjectivesThe study aims to examine the prevalence of PPD and associated risk factors among a sample of Tunisian women receiving cares in the hospital of Sfax.MethodsThis is a descriptive cross-sectional study regarding 150 parturients examined during the first and the sixth week post-delivery. The EPDS (Edinburgh postnatal depression scale) was used to assess PPD.ResultsThe total sample had a mean age of 29.61 years. During the sixth week study period, 126 of 150 were examined. Almost all of the women have a low school level (82.7%). Only 9.3% had a personal psychiatric history. Multiparity was found in 43.3% of cases. The current pregnancy was undesired in 15.3% of cases. Sympathetic signs of pregnancy were reported by 64.7% of women. The prevalence of PPD in the first week was 14.7% and 19.8% in the sixth week after delivery. The PPD was associated with the maternal age (> 35 years), the low school level, the existence of mood personal background, the parity, the difficulty to accept the pregnancy and sympathetic signs of pregnancy.ConclusionPostpartum depression is common on our sample. Identifying risk factors of PPD allows clinicians to detect subgroups of women with an increased vulnerability who might receive early psychiatric care.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
IntroductionExcessive tobacco consumption among students has negative repercussions on their health and education. Medical students are no exception. Numerous studies have demonstrated the relationship existing between smoking and depressive disorders.ObjectiveTo study the relationship between depression, anxiety and students smoking.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study which included 80 students of the Faculty of Medicine of Sfax in Tunisia: 40 smokers and 40 no-smokers.We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for screening depressive and anxious symptoms. The evaluation of tobacco dependence was performed by Fagerstrom test.ResultsThe average age of the participants was 23 years with a male predominance (SR=1,66). The smokers were in 80% of cases males and in 55% of cases dependents. Thirty-one percent (31%) of our population were depressed and 28.7% were anxious. A statistically significant correlation was found between smoking and the presence of depression (p = 0.025) on one hand, and anxiety (p = 0.022) on the other hand. Tobacco dependence was related to male sex (p = 0.04) and depression (p = 0.03). There was no link between the same variable and anxiety.ConclusionIt appears from our study a statistically significant relationship between smoking and anxio-depressive disorders. The degree of dependence is particularly related with depression. This dimension has to be considered in the therapeutic withdrawal project.
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