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This paper attempts to set the basic methodological framework for an integrated action plan (in terms of successive steps) to be developed that will guarantee the reliable calculation of the Full Water Cost (FWC), as defined by the WFD 2000/60/EC. Towards this goal, the crucial role of the water losses occurring in a water distribution system is demonstrated. This will help an effective and socially just water pricing policy to be developed. The cost components (direct -DC; environmental -EC; and resource -RC) comprising the FWC are analysed, introducing approaches for their reliable calculation. Regarding the DC, the marginal capacity cost and the necessary preconditions for its integration to the final water price along with its contribution towards effective water demand reduction are analysed. Regarding the EC, its dynamic character and the ways it interacts with the DC are presented. The role of the stakeholders in setting those price levels is also checked. Crucial parameters are analysed for a socially just water cost allocation to domestic users. The role of the water utility is examined, considering its responsibility in water losses. The basic policies (market-based vs. conventional) used to achieve conservative water use are evaluated. In addition, the role of the State is criticized.

In this paper, the hydrogeologic analysis and the development of a numerical model for the simulation of a complex system of aquifers in Northern Greece are presented. The study area faces a severe environmental danger as the unsustainable water consuming practices have resulted in negative water balance and severe water shortage. Based on field data and in-situ measurements carried out by several research groups during the last 30 years, a conceptual model is developed, that alters what scientists believed to date as far as the hydraulic communication between the shallow and the deep aquifer, as well as the lake-aquifer interaction are concerned. Based on the assumptions of the conceptual model, a numerical model has been developed in order to investigate the regional groundwater flow in the aquifers. The Modflow program has been used for its implementation. The results have verified firstly that a marginal hydraulic contact between the 2 aquifers is permitted, and secondly that the assumed relation between the lake's water volume and the aquifer's water table fluctuations is practically negligible. The dramatic decrease in the lake's water reserves by 90%, as the model results show, is mainly due to the reversing of the torrentaquifer interrelation. Finally, the model is used as a management tool for the restoration of the aquifer as well as of the lake.

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