In this work, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV/RID) is applied to the simultaneous determination of acetic acid, formic acid, acetol, glyoxal, glycolaldehyde and levoglucosan in a by-product in an aqueous liquid phase that is produced by the Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) process and in an aqueous bio-oil phase, which comes from a fast pyrolysis process. Both processes were run in forest biomass.For the development and optimization of the proposed method, some chromatographic columns were evaluated based on separation principles of reversed phase and ionic exclusion, although it was previously performed with a solid phase extraction (SPE) process.Concentrations of acetic and formic acids in the liquids of the HTC process ranged from 0.26 to 1.5 % and from 0.14 to 2.7 %, respectively. Concentrations of acetic and formic acids, levoglucosan and glycolaldehyde in the aqueous bio-oil phases ranged from 0.4 -4.6 %, 0.4 -1.4 %, 0.13 -2.5 % and 0.5 -3.5%, respectively.
An efficient synthetic route has been developed for the synthesis of new clopidogrel drug derivatives.
Key step of this method is to replacement of mesyl protected alcohol group with various aliphatic
amines in presence of base. Various clopidogrel drug derivatives have been prepared in good yields.
All the new compounds were confirmed by spectral studies and mass analysis. The main advantage of
the new synthetic route has low cost and is fit for industrial applications.
Synthetic substituted pyrroles are related with interesting biological activities, yet they remain inadequately explored within drug discovery. Late years have seen a growing interest in synthetic approaches that can provide access to structurally novel pyrroles so that the biological usefulness of this compound class can be more fully investigated. Herein, an efficient and versatile practical protocol for the pyrroles using stannous(II) chloride dihydrate as catalyst is described under aqueous conditions at 55 ºC in high yields. Also, this method is applicable for the preparation of diversity and oriented
pyrrole derivatives.
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