Two Clostridium thermocellum strains were improved for ethanol tolerance, to 5% (v/v), by gradual adaptation and mutation. The best mutant gave an ethanol yield of 0.37 g/g substrate, with a growth yield 1.5 times more than its parent. Accumulation of acids and reducing sugars by the mutant strain with 5% (v/v) ethanol was lower than that of the parent strain with 1.5% (v/v) ethanol.

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A rapid RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of metformin, glimepiride and pioglitazone from pharmaceutical dosage forms. A sensitive chromatographic separation was accomplished on C18 column (100 × 4.6 mm, 5 µ) with mobile phase consisting of Methanol: phosphate buffer (pH 3.6 adjusted with ortho phosphoric acid) in the ratio of 75:25 v/v, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml / min and monitored at 238 nm. The developed method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity and limit of detection, limit of quantification, robustness and solution stability. The proposed method can be used for the routine estimation of these drugs in combined pharmaceutical dosage forms

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