Four hundred and twenty nine current smokers and ex-smokers who had provided details 12 years previously completed a self administered questionnaire about their present and past smoking habits, and two weeks later current smokers supplied an empty cigarette packet. The tar group and brand name of the current cigarette given on the questionnaire were compared with details on the packet, and the brand alleged to have been smoked 12 years ago was compared with that actually recorded at that time. Only 55% of "low middle" tar cigarettes as indicated by returned packets had been correctly identified in the questionnaire. The ing brands on health may have to collect information on brands on the basis of recall over a long period because of the time taken for some effects to become apparent. For example, Fletcher et al'8 showed that at least eight years of follow up is needed to distinguish even between smokers and ex-smokers on the basis of lung function tests. Moreover, the validity of information about current cigarettes smoked (type, tar group, or brand name) has never been established, for example, against the details on the packet.In this paper we assess the validity of smokers' information about present and past cigarette brands and discuss the implications of the results for past and future studies of the effects of the falling tar yields of cigarettes on health.
MethodThe Heart Disease Prevention Project was a randomised controlled trial of the benefits to middle aged men of mounting a preventive campaign in industry. 19 At the start of the study in 1971-3 a self administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on the type and brand of cigarette smoked from all men employed in the 12 intervention factories and 10% of those in the 12 control factories. The men were asked 203 on 11 April 2019 by guest. Protected by copyright.
SUMMARY In 1971-3 data on smoking habits, cigarette brand smoked, morning phlegm production, and lung function were recorded for factory workers as part of the Heart Disease Prevention Project. These men were reassessed in 1984 and those who had always smoked cigarettes from the same tar group were compared with those who had dropped one tar group (mean decreases of 6-6 mg tar, 0-1 mg nicotine) and two tar groups (mean decreases of 11-9 mg tar, 0 5 mg nicotine). Over the 13 years, men who had dropped one tar group were significantly more likely (p <0O05) to stop producing phlegm, but the effect was less marked for those who had dropped two tar groups. The mean fall in FEV, was similar in all three groups, but 95% confidence limits showed that although dropping one tar group could be associated with at most a saving of 84 ml over the follow up
Work related problems are very common among all the professions. Information Technology Professionals (IT) are particularly susceptible to visual and musculo-skeletal problems. Present study is carried out to find out the prevalence of health disorders among computer professionals. Materials and Methods: 152 computer professionals from Ahmedabad city were interviewed using pre tested questionnaire. Result: In present study visual problems were found in 67.1% professional whereas musculoskeletal problems were seen among 61.8% of workers It was found that there was a gradual increase in visual as well as musculoskeletal problems as the number of hours spent for working on computers daily increased. Conclusion: A significant proportion of the computer professionals were found to be affected with musculoskeletal and visual problems. The findings of study suggest that the occupational health of the people working in the computer field needs to be monitored and the professional should be educated regarding the correct postures and ergonomics related to working environment.
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