Three new alien species of Chenopodiaceae s. str. (Amaranthaceae s. l.) are reported for the flora of Russia, the North American Chenopodiastrumsimplex and Australian Dysphania carinata and D. pumilio. The identification of the specimens of Chenopodiastrum simplex from Moschny Island in the Leningrad Region (European Russia) was confirmed using both morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Morphologically, C. simplex is very similar to C. badachschanicum having the same fruit and seed characters. A single specimen of Dysphania carinata from Primorye Territory (the Russian Far East) was previously identified as Chenopodium pumilio (≡ Dysphania pumilio) incorrectly. Only recently, the latter species has been indeed found in Beslan town, Republic of North Ossetia – Alania (the North Caucasus). For each species, the possible degree of naturalization is discussed.
Psephellus marschallianus is distributed in the steppe zone of Eastern Europe, in the North Caucasus only in the Stavropol region. This species has a narrow ecological affinity and can disappear when overgrown with stony substrates. Therefore, the work aimed at studying the state of local populations of P. marschallianus is of scientific interest and is relevant. Field studies were conducted according to the methods recommended for the study of rare species. Geobotanical descriptions are made according to generally accepted methods. The area, number and density of individuals were determined, and the ontogenetic structure was studied, which allowed us to characterize the state and prospects for the development of Psephellus marschallianus populations. For the first time, the state of the species was assessed according to the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The condition and structure of 5 local populyations of Psephellus marschallianus (ASTERACEAE), a protected species in the Stavropol Krai, has been studied. The area of the local populyations, number and density of individuals are determined, the ontogenetic structure, allowing to characterize a condition and the prospects of development of populyations of Psephellus marschallianus is studied. For the first time, an assessment of the condition of the species according to the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is given.
Qualitative differences in the nrDNA ITS and ETS sequences in the total sample were determined to allow identification of the following groups of samples: H. mantegazzianum, H. cf. sosnowskyi, H. cf. mantegazzianum and H. cf. sosnowskyi x H. cf. mantegazzianum among other representatives of the Heracleum genus presented in the genetic databases. The study revealed the absence of correlation between a sample type in the group H. mantegazzianum, H. cf. sosnowskyi, H. cf. mantegazzianum and H. cf. sosnowskyi x H. cf. mantegazzianum and qualitative transformations in the ITS and ETS sequences. The qualitative analysis of the rbcL, matK, rps16 intron, intergenic spacers psbA-trnH, trnQ-rps16, rps16-trnK and rpl32-trnL cpDNA sequences for the samples identified as Heracleum mantegazzianum, H. cf. sosnowskyi, H. cf. mantegazzianum and H. cf. sosnowskyi x H. cf. mantegazzianum demonstrated no correlation between them as well.
The preservation of biological diversity is impossible without the preservation of natural vegetation. Changes in physical and geographical conditions, succession of phytocenoses, lead to transformation of growing conditions and loss of ecological niches by species. Simultaneously with these processes, the number of alien species increases. Their expansion is facilitated by violations of habitats with natural vegetation cover. Surveys of the slopes of mount Mashuk revealed the distribution of 30 alien species of tree flora from 17 families. Half of them overcame the restrictions of reproduction, but could not pass the barrier associated with the spread of diasporas: Acer negundo, Aesculus hippocastanum, Catalpa speciosa, Celtis occidenatalis, Colutea orientalis, Gleditsia triacanthos, Hedera helix, Juglans regia, Lonicera tatarica, Mahonia repens, Malus domestica, Prunus armeniaca, Robinia viscosa, Spiraea vanhoutei, Vitis vinifera. Nine species — Acer pseudoplatanus, Amorpha fruticosa, Laburnum anagyroides, Morus alba, Morus nigra, Prunus mahaleb, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rubus ibericus and Vinca minor — settle and naturalize in disturbed, seminatural, and natural habitats. Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Platycladus orientalis, Syringa vulgaris are phytoceno-sotransformers, and Clematis vitalba is a biogeocenosotransformer.
The Kabardino-Balkar State Highland Reserve (KBGWZ) was established in 1976 to protect the alpinefloristic and faunal complexes of the Central Caucasus. The flora of the reserve includes about 1000 species of vascularplants. The inventory showed the presence in its flora of 40 species of vascular spore plants belonging to the divisionsLycopodiophyta (5 species, 2 families), Polypodiophyta (35 species, 12 families). Gymnosperms are represented by thedivisions Pinophyta, containing 3 families and 7 taxa of the species rank and below, as well as the division Gnetophytawith one representative of the genus Ephedra. Among the protected plants in the Red Book of the Russian Federation(2008), Taxus baccata is included. Asplenium scolopendrium (sub nom. Phyllitis scolopendrium), Ceterach officinarum andPolystichum lonchitis are in the Red Data Book of Kabardino-Balkar (2018). Among gymnosperms, Abies nordmannianaand Picea orientalis are also regionally protected species.
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