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Forest sustainability certification is emblematic of governance mechanisms associated with neoliberal state reforms. Despite being conceived as a means of compensating for the unwillingness or inability of states to regulate forest practices, in practice, forest certification has come to entail complex and hybrid relationships between private-sector, civil society, and government actors. Indeed, states have increasingly embraced certification as a means of complementing or even supplanting traditional forms of governmental regulation of the forest sector. Yet processes of neoliberalization imply both an expansion of opportunities for hybrid governance and a weakening of the state capacity that is often needed for successful implementation of certification initiatives. We analyze the complex relationships between neoliberalization, state capacity, and certification through two contrasting cases in Wisconsin, United States, and Entre Ríos, Argentina. Our findings illustrate the tensions within broadly neoliberal and postneoliberal regimes and highlight the persistence of long-standing patterns of state-led environmental governance.

RESUMENEn la región NE de Argentina existe poca información sobre el impacto que tienen las diferentes alternativas de manejo de residuos de la cosecha forestal sobre las propiedades edáficas. En este estudio se analizó el efecto a corto plazo de sistemas de manejo de residuos de la cosecha de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, sobre la concentración del carbono orgánico total del suelo (COT) y la fracción particulada (COP), su estado estructural y la conductividad hidráulica saturada. El estudio se desarrolló en dos sitios de la Provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina, en un suelo Aquic Hapluderts (S1) y en un Fluventic Hapludolls (S2). Se aplicaron los siguientes tratamientos: 1. Extracción total de residuos (ER), 2. Conservación de residuos (CR), 3. Quema de residuos-testigo (QR), 4. Doble adición de residuos (DAR). El muestreo de suelos en las profundidades 0-5 cm y 5-10 cm se realizó a los 18 (S1) y a los 22 (S2) meses de aplicar los tratamientos. En el corto plazo, el efecto de los tratamientos dependió del tipo de suelo y de la variable analizada. Los contrastes más importantes se debieron al efecto de las características intrínsecas del suelo sobre el tamaño de los agregados y la conductividad hidráulica saturada. La conservación de residuos no aumentó la concentración de COT ni modificó la calidad de la materia orgánica medida a partir de COP. El suelo Aquic Hapluderts presentó agregados más grandes, más estables y una mayor K sat en comparación con el Fluventic Hapludolls. En el Aquic Hapluderts se observó una mayor conductividad hidráulica saturada en los tratamientos con conservación de los residuos (DAR y CR), debido a que la cobertura preservaría el sistema poroso en la interfase suelo-atmosfera. El Fluventic Hapludolls fue menos estable y los tratamientos no modificaron significativamente el tamaño de los agregados ni la conductividad hidráulica saturada . Considerando que las características del sitio tienen efectos de corto plazo y las variables respuesta son afectadas de manera diferencial es necesario realizar un monitoreo de los parámetros evaluados para analizar las respuestas y las recomendaciones según el suelo. Palabras clave: residuos de cosecha; carbono orgánico del suelo; estabilidad de agregados; conductividad hidráulica saturada. ABSTRACTIn northeastern Argentina, very little is known about the impact of various techniques of management of residues from forest harvesting on soil properties. We carried out this study in two sites in Entre Ríos Province (Argentina): post-harvest of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden stands in an Aquic Hapludert

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On 4-5 September 2012, a severe windstorm impacted the city of Anchorage and the surrounding region. Wind gusts up to 63 mph were reported at the Port of Anchorage, which is just northwest of downtown, and gusts up to 88 mph were reported at McHugh Creek, which is just southeast of Anchorage near the Turnagain Arm. This windstorm downed thousands of trees across the Anchorage Bowl, which caused hundreds of downed power lines. At least 50,000 homes and businesses lost power in the greater Anchorage area during the peak of the event, including some office buildings in the Midtown and Downtown areas of Anchorage. Some areas were without power for several days. This paper will further examine the atmospheric aspects that contributed to the significant September 2012 wind event, as a well as a comparison to the four previous significant wind events that have occurred since 1980. Previous significant high wind events, defined as the "Big Four" by the Anchorage National Weather Service office, occurred much later in the season. The four significant high wind events occurred on 01 April 1980, 26–27 November 1985, 10 October 1986, and 01 December 1992. The results of this paper will provide insight into predicting future wind events which will allow residents and businesses to better mitigate their weather risk.