This article examines whether subjective expectations of unemployment are reliable indicators of the probability of becoming unemployed and investigates their association with wage growth. We find that workers' fears of unemployment are increased by their previous unemployment experience and by the unemployment experiences of a close friend, and are associated with other objective indicators of insecure jobs. We then show that unemployment fear predicts future unemployment, above and beyond observed objective variables. High fears of unemployment are found to be associated with significantly lower levels of wage growth for men, but to have no significant link with wage growth for women. Copyright 2007 The Author(s). Journal compilation Royal Economic Society 2007.

Objective: Organisms causing early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) have consistently changed over time. The distribution of organisms in EONS helps to influence the appropriate type of antibiotic prophylaxis strategy during labor and the antibiotics used in neonates with suspected sepsis. Result: A total of 405 infants had positive blood and/or cerebral spinal fluid cultures over the study period. The EONS rate was 6.8/1000 admissions (n ¼ 24969) in the earlier cohort compared with 6.2/1000 admissions (n ¼ 37484) in the later cohort (P ¼ 0.36). Rate of clinical chorioamnionitis was higher in the later cohort (38 vs 26%; P ¼ 0.02). For term infants, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CONS) (2.4/1000) followed by group B Streptococcus (GBS) (1.9/1000) were the most common organisms identified. For preterm infants, CONS (2.5/1000) followed by Escherichia coli (2.6/1000) were the most common organisms identified. There was a significant reduction in GBS EONS over time (P<0.01) and a trend toward an increase in other organisms. Conclusion:Although the rate of EONS among neonates admitted to NICUs has not changed, the pattern of infection has changed over the past 6 years. With the increased use of prophylactic antibiotics to mothers, careful surveillance of the changing trend of bacterial organisms among neonates is warranted. (2011) Introduction Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) occurs within the first 3 to 7 days of life, and is thought to be mainly caused by vertical transmission of organisms from the mother. 1,2 The incidence of EONS has been reported to vary from 1 to 4.6 cases per 1000 live births. [2][3][4] Traditionally, prevention of EONS has focused on prevention of vertical transmission of group B Streptococcus (GBS or Streptococcus agalactiae) through administration of maternal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. 5 No effective strategies are currently available to prevent EONS caused by other organisms, 6 such as Escherichia coli. 7 Several recent studies of patient populations in the US have reported a change in neonatal infection patterns, with a reduction in EONS caused by GBS but an increase in EONS caused by ampicillin-resistant E. coli. 8,9 The growing problem of antibiotic resistance may be a contributing factor in increasing mortality rates of infants with EONS. 2,10 These studies have identified an urgent need to better understand the changing epidemiology of EONS, to enable delivery of appropriate intrapartum care to mothers 8,11 and postnatal care of the newborns. We have therefore analyzed data from a large population of infants admitted to Canadian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) between 2003 and 2008, to identify trends in EONS, and determine the distribution of organisms in infants with EONS. The objective of this study was to add to our understanding of changing patterns of organisms associated with EONS, thereby helping to strategize future interventions. Journal of Perinatology Methods Study populationThe Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) maintains and updates an established neonata...

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