Classroom light intensity is one of the essential factors in the learning process. Several factors affect light intensity in the classroom, i.e., determination of classroom design, position of objects in the classroom, window design, shading devices, type of lamp, and type of lamp armature. The research aims to determine the effect of armature lamp type. The results of this research are expected to increase the efficiency of electricity costs and use the classroom optimal lighting system according to Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Two types of lamp armature used in this research i.e. LED tube armature and LED bulb armature. This research used E11-210 classroom in E11 Building of Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang with the size of 12m x 9m x 3.5m. Simulation in this research used Dialux Evo 9 software. The results of observations and simulations show that E11-210 classroom had not followed SNI yet, in 350 lux. Based on simulation results, it shows that using LED tube armature and LED bulb armature will get light intensity of E11-210 classroom that follow SNI 6197:2011. Simulation results show that the use of LED tube armature (Powerbalance Gen2 RC463B) in E11-210 classroom will increase efficiency of electricity costs by 27.81%. Meanwhile, the use of LED bulb armature (Luxspace Ace Acccent RS750B) in E11-210 classroom will increase efficiency of electricity costs by 33.96%.
The uniformity of daylight in the classroom contributes to indoor visual comfort in the learning process. A Classroom that has non-uniform illuminance and is unsuitable with 350-3000 lux can affect visual discomfort. This study aims to design a classroom lighting system using daylight and artificial lighting according to Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 6197-2011 to get visual comfort. The results of this study are expected to increase the efficiency of electricity consumption and to solve the visual discomfort problem followed by SNI 6197-2011. This research using E11-210 and E11-112 classroom Universitas Negeri Semarang with the dimension about 12m x 9m x 3,5m. Based on observation, the classrooms had an illuminance of more than 20,000 lux with a uniformity less than 0,6 in the afternoon. Simulation in this study using Dialux Evo software with replacing the layouts of lamp, type of lamps and armature, modifying power of lamp, and implementing dynamics blinds. The result shows that the simulation can solve visual discomfort corresponding to SNI 6197-2011. This paper also presents that LED Tube power modification from 21 – 25 watts can save electricity costs by 37.3%.
This study aims to determine and analyze the long-term and short-term effects of internal banking factors (CAR, LDR, NPL) and banking external factors (GDP, Inflation, Interest Rates, Money Supply, Industrial Production Index) on lending to commercial banks. The analytical method used is the Error Correction Model (ECM). The data used is time series data, which is compiled periodically in a monthly analysis from January 2014 to December 2020 in a time series. CAR and NPL have a significant negative effect on lending. In the short term, the LDR, GDP, Money Supply, and Industrial Production Index variables have a positive and significant effect on lending, while inflation and interest rates have no effect on lending in the short term, and lending has no effect on inflation, while the LDR, PDB, JUB, and IPI variables have a positive and significant effect on lending in the long term. And the reference interest rate variable has a positive and significant effect on lending in the long term. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dalam jangka panjang dan jangka pendek faktor internal (CAR, LDR, NPL) dan faktor eksternal (PDB, Inflasi, Suku Bunga Acuan, Jumlah Uang Beredar, Indeks Produksi Industri) perbankan terhadap penyaluran kredit pada bank umum di Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis Error Correction Model (ECM). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah data time series bulanan dari Januari 2014 sampai dengan Desember 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dalam jangka pendek variabel CAR dan NPL berpengaruh negatif signifikan, variabel LDR, PDB, JUB, IPI berpengaruh positif dan signifikan serta inflasi dan suku bunga acuan tidak berpengaruh terhadap penyaluran kredit. Sedangkan dalam jangka panjang CAR dan inflasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap penyaluran kredit. Sedangkan variabel LDR, PDB, JUB, IPI berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penyaluran kredit dalam jangka panjang. Dan variabel suku bunga acuan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penyaluran kredit dalam jangka panjang.
Lighting is primary factors for visual comfort in the library. The library of Universitas Negeri Semarang had the illuminance of 97 – 672 lux. Based on SNI 6197-2011, the library must have a minimum illuminance of 300 lux. This study aims to assess the quality of lighting, design the layout and lighting system using Dialux evo 9.2 software. This research was expected for the best layout design to support the lighting system to follow SNI 6197-2011. This research used the library of E11 Building, Universitas Negeri Semarang with dimension of 8.6 m x 5.7 m x 3.4 m. This research was carried out by redesigning the layout of the furniture, replacing the type of lamp and armature and calculating the efficiency electricity cost. The results declared that the quality of lighting in the library using TL-D 36W did not achieve SNI 6197-2011. Redesigning of furniture layout and replacing of TL-D with LED tube are solutions to achieve the minimum illuminance. In addition, replacing TL-D with LED Tube can save electricity costs ranging from 64% – 69% per year.
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