Until recently, standards to guide nursing education and practice in Vietnam were nonexistent. This paper describes the development and implementation of a clinical teaching capacity building project piloted in Hanoi, Vietnam. The project was part of a multi-component capacity building program designed to improve nurse education in Vietnam. Objectives of the project were to develop a collaborative clinically-based teaching model that encourages evidence-based, student-centred clinical learning. The model incorporated strategies to promote development of nursing practice to meet national competency standards. Thirty nurse teachers from two organisations in Hanoi participated in the program. These participants attended three workshops, and completed applied assessments, where participants implemented concepts from each workshop. The assessment tasks were planning, implementing and evaluating clinical teaching. On completion of the workshops, twenty participants undertook a study tour in Australia to refine the teaching model and develop an action plan for model implementation in both organisations, with an aim to disseminate the model across Vietnam. Significant changes accredited to this project have been noted on an individual and organisational level. Dissemination of this clinical teaching model has commenced in Ho Chi Minh, with further plans for more in-depth dissemination to occur throughout the country.
Background: Kidney recipients often use a calcineurin inhibitor and a proliferation inhibitor after transplantation. The therapeutic drug monitoring for calcineurin inhibitor is more simple and feasible in clinical than proliferation inhibitor. In Vietnam, mycophenolic acid is a popular proliferation inhibitor used for transplantation patients. Although therapeutic mycophenolic acid monitoring is so important in treating kidney transplantation, the monitoring is still difficult to execute in Vietnam. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the MPA concentration on Vietnamese renal transplant recipients. Methods: This observational study was conducted on 35 adult kidney recipients to evaluate the MPA concentration at five sampling time points (predose, 1, 2, 3, and 6 hours) on day 3, day 10, and month 6 after transplantation. Results: Plasma MPA trough levels (C0) were 2.32 ± 1.47;1.58 ± 1.39; 2.29 ± 1.4 mg/L and the MPA-AUC0-12 h values were 50.1 ± 20.4; 41.9 ± 14.5; 60.3 ± 25.9 mg.h/L on day 3, day 10, and month 6. The number of patients who reached MPA-AUC0-12 h values of 30 - 60 mg.h/L was 18 (51.4%), 23 (65.7%) and 17 (51.5%) on day 3, day 10, and month 6, respectively. The number of patients who achieved the MPA C0 values of 1.5 - 2.5 mg/L was 15 (42.9 %), 14 (40%), and 10 (30.3%) on day 3, day 10, and month 6, respectively; and the linear correlation coefficients between AUC0-12 h and C0 were 0.652, 0.415, and 0.752, respectively. Conclusions: In renal transplant patients, the MPA-AUC0-12 h was lower on day 3 and day 10 post-transplantation than month 6 for the half dose of MMF or MPS. Therefore, MPA therapeutic drug level should be monitored usually in transplantation patients who use MPA.
Chính sách cổ tức là một trong những quyết định quan trọng trong quản lý tài chính của công ty cổ phần nói chung và của các ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần nói riêng, sự thay đổi lớn chính sách cổ tức có tác động đến giá cổ phiếu của ngân hàng, nguồn tiền có thể sử dụng để tái đầu tư và có ảnh hưởng đến nguồn thu nhập của các cổ đông hiện hữu. Bài viết này nghiên cứu thực trạng chính sách cổ tức của Sacombank nhằm mục đích: Thứ nhất đánh giá được mặt mạnh cũng như các mặt còn tồn tại trong chính sách cổ tức của Sacombank, đồng thời có so sánh với một số các ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần hàng đầu Việt Nam để đánh giá hiệu quả của chính sách cổ tức; Thứ hai xác định được các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến chính sách cổ tức của Sacombank trong thời gian qua; Cuối cùng tác giả đưa ra các kiến nghị mang tính thời sự nhằm hoàn thiện chính sách cổ tức của các ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần.
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