Abstract. Beginning in summer 1977 and continuing through four consecutive seasons, we examined lame limb joints from 106 partially fattened cattle and 28,235 pairs of occipital condyles from fully fattened cattle for osteochondrosis. Of the 106 lame cattle, nine (8.5%) had characteristic lesions, usually in their stifle joints, and of the 28,235 atlanto-occipital joints, 1063 (3.8%) had lesions on their condyles.Slices of affected articular cartilage and subjacent bone were studied radiographically and histologically. Radiographs showed subchondral defects and epiphyseal "cyst-like" lesions, and histologic sections showed disarrayed and degenerated chondrocytes. Splits occurred along osteochondral junctions or in adjacent cartilage or bone. Some bone trabeculae had been replaced by fibrous tissue that, in some areas, extended deep into epiphyses.Osteochondrosis, a degenerative change in articular and growth plate cartilage of rapidly growing animals, is characterized clinically by prolonged limb lameness, and anatomically by disarray of chondrocytes, inadequate provisional calcification of cartilage, failure of endochondral ossification, retention of cartilage, and splits in cartilage and bone [3].Beginning in summer 1977 and continuing through four consecutive seasons, we examined small samples of limb joints and large samples of atlanto-occipital joints from slaughtered cattle for arthropathies and found this disease. Materials and MethodsMost cattle were Hereford, Angus, Charolais, and their crosses. Steers predominated. Their ages at slaughter ranged from 15 to 18 months. All had been fed high concentrate rations in feedlots of eastern Colorado, western Nebraska or western Kansas. They were slaughtered at one of three companies under federal inspection. Cattle with osteochondrosis were of two categories: those with limb joint lesions and lameness, and those with atlanto-occipital joint lesions and no recognized clinical signs. Some had become lame during the fattening period and were slaughtered prematurely for recovery of value. All others had been fattened through 90 to 140 days.During each of the four seasons, a sample of at least 25 lame cattle and a sample of nearly 529
Abstract. Of 30,444 larynges from fattened cattle at three companies, 3,985 (13.1%) had contact ulcers or ulcer scars in the mucous membranes over the vocal processes and medial angles of the arytenoid cartilages. The incidence was higher in cattle fed during fall than in cattle fed during other seasons. We hypothesize: 1. that some feedlot cattle develop acute mucositis from mixed infections with species of Pasteurella, Haemophilus, Mycoplasma, and viruses in the nose, pharynx, and larynx; 2. that reflex coughing and swallowing accelerate the rate of larynx closure; and 3. that the closures erode the swollen membrane over the vocal processes and medial angles of the arytenoid cartilages and thus produce primary contact ulcers.Laryngeal ulcers, either unilateral or bilateral, develop in mucous membranes over the arytenoid cartilages. These lesions, apparently benign and lacking clinical manifestations, have received slight attention in science laboratories and infrequent mention in veterinary literature. In acute stages, however, they may inhibit eating, retard weight gain, and acquire infections, and thus cause economic losses to producers, packers, and consumers.Beginning in summer 1977 and continuing through four consecutive seasons, we examined larynges from fattened cattle at slaughter. This report enumerates and describes the ulcers. Materials and MethodsThis investigation was conducted at three eastern Colorado meat packing establishments: Companies 1, 2, and 3. Each company killed about 2,000 cattle per work day throughout the year. All operations were conducted under federal inspection.Most cattle were Herefords, Angus, Charolais, and their crosses. They had been fed for 90 to 140 days on high-concentrate rations in feedlots in eastern Colorado, western Nebraska. and western Kansas. Their ages at slaughter ranged from 15 to 18 months. Most carcasses were graded good or choice. Soon after arriving at a feedlot, most cattle were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and leptospirosis, implanted with anabolic pellet, and 667
Abstract. In a random sample of 30,444 larynges from slaughtered beef cattle, 441 (1.4%) had chronic diphtheria and 1,345 (4.4%) had papillomatosis. Both types of lesions were centered in mucous membranes over the vocal processes and medial angles of the arytenoid cartilages. Since they are found in the same anatomical locations as laryngeal contact ulcers, we hypothesize that ulcers are primary and diphtheria and papillomatosis are secondary.
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) is an important respiratory disease of cattle. The disease has been especially critical in western feedlots and IBR virus infection has been associated with the shipping fever complex. Numerous commercial vaccines are in wide use to prevent this disease. Experimentally, these vaccines have been shown to be immunogenic and effective in preventing clinical IBR. A large western feedlot has routinely used a modified live virus IBR vaccine in all cattle entering the feedlot. Despite vaccination, the feedlot continued to experience significant morbidity and mortality associated with respiratory disease. A major portion of this respiratory disease was believed to be IBR virus infection. This study was designed to study immunity to IBR virus of cattle as they enter the feedlot, and to measure the immune responses of feedlot cattle to intramuscular modified live virus IBR vaccines under field conditions. Immunity to bovine parainfluenza type 3 (PI3) virus upon arrival at the feedlot and seroconversion to that virus as a result of natural infections was also studied.
Respiratory diseases cause more fatalities to feedlot cattle than all other diseases combined (1). Conventional treatment for bacterial pneumonias usually consists of antibiotics and/or sulfonamides. Rationale for supportive therapy in the treatment of pneumonia lacks scientific basis and proof. One of the most controversial drugs for supportive therapy are corticosteroids. The purpose of this paper is to report on the efficacy of dexamethasone,a a potent synthetic anti-inflammatory corticosteroid when used with antibiotics and sulfonamides in Shipping Fever pneumonia of yearling feedlot cattle.
Fourteen feeder cattle that had been vaccinated against IBR with modified live virus at least 21 days previously developed clinical signs of acute rhinitis. IBR virus was isolated from 11 of the 14. Seroconversion to IBR virus occurred in 9 of these 11 cattle and one died acutely. Several of these 11 cattle also seroconverted to bovine diarrhoea virus or bovine parainfluenza-3 virus, but neither of these viruses was isolated from any animal. IBR virus was not isolated from nor did seroconversion to IBR virus occur in the remaining 3 cattle. Another virus, not IBR, was isolated from one of these three. The potential for vaccine failure to protect is discussed.
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to plague the beef cattle industry. Despite the introduction of new antibiotics and vaccines, the incidence of BRD has continued to rise. Although appropriate preconditioning can greatly lower the incidence of BRD, most cattle are not preconditioned and the stresses of weaning, commingling, transportation and acclimation can easily cause treatment rates exceeding 50% or more. NPCoat Intranasal™ is a medical device based on antibodies processed from hen's eggs that provides a protective shield against viral, bacterial and mycoplasmal proliferation when sprayed into the nasopharyngeal cavity of cattle. This report details the effects of the application ofNPCoat Intranasal™ on the incidence of morbidity and mortality related to BRD in southeastern calves shipped to a Colorado feedlot during January and February, 2005.
What I would like to do is divide my presentation into three parts: (I) where have we been in scientific agriculture? (2) where are we now? and (3) where are we going? As far as where we have been, as many of you older pract itioners know, in the last 40 years we have seen a tremendous increase in the quantity and quality of food produced in America. The two fields where America leads the world are in ( l) scientific agriculture and (2) food technology. What about the future? I think it is positive. I think there are a lot of things that we can do and it involves you and me getting involved in politics in addition to veterinary medicine.
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