Jurassic reef patterns reflect the fulminant global and regional changes initiated by the breakup of northern Pangea. The pattern of reef distribution across the Jurassic reflects a complex mix of (1) different and changing tectonic styles along the continental margins and adjacent shelf seas; (2) sea-level rise and its modulating influence on extrinsic sedimentation; (3) oceanographic and climatic reorganizations related to general sea-level rise and the new plate-tectonic configurations; and (4) evolutionary changes in the ecological demands and abilities of reef biota, which, in part, appear to have been triggered by the extrinsic changes during the breakup of northern Pangea. Rifting and onset of drift in the central Atlantic as well as in the western Tethys resulted in a distinct sea-level rise, which transformed Jurassic shelf seas along the northern Tethys margin from dominantly siliciclastic to dominantly carbonate settings. The opening of the ocean passageway from the Tethys to the Caribbean and Pacific completely reorganized global oceanic circulation patterns. During the Late Jurassic, shelf seas were considerably deep, increasing the areas of settings suitable for development of siliceous sponge mounds on the northern Tethys margin. In contrast, many parts of the southern Tethys margin underwent strong morphological changes due to rift tectonics within the Triassic carbonate platforms, which resulted in a completely different pattern in Jurassic reef distribution relative to the northern Tethys. After the end-Triassic extinction event, Jurassic reefs recuperated gradually during the Early Jurassic, with a first major reef domain developing in Morocco. Their temporal distribution through the Middle Jurassic was more balanced, but reefs occurred in scattered domains often distant from each other (e.g., Portugal, France, Madagascar, Iran). Late Jurassic reefs expanded rapidly in the course of the ongoing sea-level rise and the oceanographic reorganization, resulting in mostly interconnected domains. A pattern of waxing and waning of reef abundance and spatial reef distribution through time is superimposed on this trend. It is again, at least to a large extent, correlatable with sea-level fluctuations of greater magnitude. Jurassic reef growth had peaks during the transgressive episodes of the Sinemurian-Pliensbachian, Bajocian-Bathonian, and Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian, with superimposed higher-frequency peaks. The Jurassic represents the peak not only of development of Mesozoic coral reefs but equally of development of sponge mounds. Sponge mounds represent siliceous sponge-microbolite mud mounds, which expanded enormously during the Oxfordian along the European part of the northern Tethys. A peculiar type of bivalve reefs, the Lithiothis reefs, were widespread particularly during the Sinemurian and Pliensbachian, and they might have partially filled a potential reef-growth habitat not occupied by corals, owing to the reduced availability of coral taxa at that time. Bivalve reefs, in particular oyster reefs,...