A new sodium dispersion reagent has been evaluated for the reduction of esters. Na-D15, a sodium dispersion with sodium particle size of 5-15 μm, is a nonpyrophoric reagent that can be handled in air. In this study, a broad range of aliphatic ester substrates were reduced to primary alcohols by Na-D15/i-PrOH with good yields. The method compares favorably with modern metal hydride reductions and is much safer and efficient than the traditional Bouveault-Blanc reduction.
The triplet state of 3-phenylcyclopent-2-enone, formed upon pulsed laser excitation (308 nm; 15 ns pulse duration) in either cyclohexane or ethanol solution, is relatively long-lived at room temperature and is rapidly quenched by oxygen, piperylene, alkenes, and by its own ground state.Although enones have played a central role in the development of organic photochemistry ,lJ the properties of their excited states are still poorly understood in comparison to those of other classes of organic compounds, e.g. aromatic
Alkenyl succinic anhydrides are important specialty chemicals that are used in the paper, oilfield and fuel additives industries. In this paper we investigate the link between the physical properties of alkenyl succinic anhydrides and the identities of their linear alkyl olefin precursors. We describe a straightforward GC analysis of olefin isomer distributions and show that these correlate well with the freezing temperatures of the subsequent alkenyl succinic anhydride products. This allows the identification of olefin isomer profiles that are required to give the desired physical properties in the alkenyl succinic anhydrides; it also provides a method to predict the freezing temperatures of alkenyl succinic anhydrides synthesised from a particular supply of olefin.
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