The effect of inhaling mosquito coil smoke on the haematology and histology of rat’s lungs was studied. Mosquito coils while slowly burning emit smoke containing one or more insecticides, each coil burns for several hours and are used in close proximity to persons requiring protection against mosquitoes in order to prevent malaria, a disease of wide distribution. This study is aimed at determining the effects of mosquito coil on lungs of adult wistar rats. A total of 16 adult wistar rats were used in this study weighing 100g – 200g. They were randomly divided into four groups of four rats each. Rats in group 1 served as control and received only food and distilled water; while the experimental groups II – IV were exposed to mosquito coil smoke for 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours respectively for a period of 28 days. At the end of the experimental period, blood was collected from each rat through ocular puncture for blood analysis. The rats were sacrificed with the lungs harvested and fixed in 10% formal saline for routine histological analysis. The body weight of the exposed groups observed showed insignificant decrease when compared with the control group. The organ weight of lungs showed significant increase when compared to the control group. Haematological analysis for blood obtained revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in Hb, PCV, RBC and WBC counts in all exposure groups when compared with the control group. Histological analysis of the lungs showed severe hemorrhage and severe inflammation of the lungs. Results from this study demonstrates that mosquito coil smoke not only challenges the immune system but also affects the blood oxygen regulation level through damage in the lungs.

The solvent of extraction determines the type and amount of phytochemicals extractible from a plant material. Reports have shown that numerous African herbs are rich is potent phytochemicals which have been used in folkloric and orthodox medicine in the prevention and treatment of ailments. This research is geared towards comparing the neuroprotective potency of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina on the cerebellum of mercury chloride intoxicated Wistar rats. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group A was the negative control and had food and water only. Group B was the positive control and was exposed to mercury chloride without treatment. Groups C1 and C2 received 200mg/kg bw of aqueous and methanolic extracts respectively while groups D1 and D2 received 400mg/kg bw of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina respectively. Result of phytochemical analysis shows that water extracted more flavonoids while methanol extracted more phenols. The results of antioxidant studies show that the methanolic extract conferred more protection against oxidative stress than the aqueous extract. Histological results show that aqueous extract conferred more protection than the methanolic extract. We therefore conclude from our report that both the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina confer neuroprotection on the cerebellum of Wistar rats.

Leafy vegetables are important items of diet in every home and a number of them are medicinal plants that have been used for curing diseases and have been documented in history of civilization. The current study was aimed at assessing the hepatoprotective potential of the aqueous leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis(TO) on the Liver function parameters in Adult Wistar Rats. The sixteen rats used for this study were randomized into groups A, B,C and D. Rats in groups B, C and D were treated with 150, 300 and 600mg/kg.bwt of the leaf extract respectively by intubation for 28 days while group A served as control. Aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were determined using standard laboratory methods. There was a significant reduction in mean body weight (p<0.05), and increase in serum activity of AST and ALP respectively (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the mean serum ALT activity (p>0.05) in the treated groups compared with control respectively. Therefore, it could be concluded that aqueous leaf extract of TO has hepatoprotective effect.

The field of neuroscience is fast emerging with the various types of intelligence becoming critical to the overall wellbeing of an individual. The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between fingerprint patterns and multiple intelligence among young adults (18-26 years) in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Anambra state. Two hundred and forty one subjects were enlisted in this study, comprising 140 females (58.1%) and 101 males (41.9%). Each subject filled the Howard Gardner model of Multiple intelligence test and were examined on the different forms of Multiple Intelligence: Linguistic, Logical, and Kinesthetic. Musical, Spatial, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal and Naturalist intelligences. Their fingerprint patterns were gotten with a fingerprint scanner. The data collected was analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS 2.0). Also Chi square test was used to test the differences between variable groups and analysis showed that intrapersonal intelligence had the highest percentage of 28.2% followed by logical and interpersonal intelligence. Naturalistic intelligence had the least percentage of 3.2%. Males also showed a higher dominance of Logical, interpersonal, spatial, and kinesthetic intelligence; whereas females showed higher musical, naturalistic, linguistic, and intrapersonal intelligence. Also, the highest occurrence for the loop fingerprint was found among students with intrapersonal and musical intelligence; the highest occurrence for whorl was found among students with spatial and kinesthetic intelligence; and the highest occurrence of arch is found among students with naturalistic and linguistic intelligence. There was however, no significant difference observed in the relationship between multiple intelligence and tribe. The result of this study confirmed that every individual has different forms of intelligence at different levels and the knowledge of this may be useful in selecting career prospects.