La anquilosis de la articulación temporomandibular (ATM) corresponde a un trastorno temporomandibular clasificado dentro de la hipomovilidad mandibular crónica. La literatura define anquilosis como una inmovilidad anormal de la mandíbula, desorden que lleva a una restricción de la apertura bucal con reducción parcial de los movimientos mandibulares o una completa inmovilidad de la mandíbula. El objetivo del presente artículo es realizar una revisión en cuanto a la clasificación, epidemiología, etiopatogenia, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la anquilosis de la articulación temporomandibular. Palabras clave: Articulación temporomandibular, trastornos temporomandibulares, anquilosis temporomandibular. SUMMARY Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) corresponds to a temporomandibular disorder classified into chronic mandibular hypomobility. Ankylosis defines literature as an abnormal jaw immobility disorder that leads to a restriction of mouth opening with partial reduction of mandibular movement or complete immobility of the jaw. The aim of this article is to review the classification, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis.
Background:Clinical characteristics of uncomplicated bone bruises (ie, not associated with a ligament rupture, meniscal tear, or fracture of the knee) in young athletes have scarcely been reported.Purpose:To identify mechanisms of injury, characterize bone bruise patterns, and identify clinical factors relating to recovery in young patients suffering uncomplicated bone bruises about the knee.Study Design:Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:A review of clinical records and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of patients seen at a single institution was completed.Results:We identified 62 children and teenagers (mean age, 13.9 years; range, 8-18 years) who had a total of 101 bone bruises on MRI. The injuries occurred during a variety of organized and recreational sporting activities, the most common being football, basketball, and soccer. The majority (61.4%) of bone bruises occurred as a result of noncontact mechanisms. Patients reported a mean pain scale score of 6.3 of 10 (range, 2-10) on presentation. Frequent clinical findings included non–joint-line tenderness (64.5%), limited range of motion (58.1%), joint-line tenderness (54.8%), and positive meniscal signs (50.0%). The majority of bone bruises (61.4%) were located medially, and the most common bone bruise type was subcortical (58.4%), followed by medullary/reticular (35.6%) and articular impaction (5.9%). The only factor related to time to recovery was mechanism of injury; patients reporting a noncontact mechanism required significantly more time to recover than those reporting a contact mechanism (mean, 99.7 ± 74.8 vs 65.7 ± 38.8 days, respectively; F = 3.753, P = .049).Conclusion:In this case series of 62 pediatric patients with non–anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) bone bruises, the majority occurred in the medial compartment, suggesting that these bone bruises result from a mechanism distinct from the pivot-shift mechanism, classically thought to cause ACL injuries.
RESUMO Ao longo de sua produção crítica, Alfredo Bosi se debruçou com rigor sobre as formas breves, isto é, sobre o conto como forma. Estabelecendo não apenas um percurso crítico, mas deixando também duas antologias de contos que são referências até hoje. O texto propõe um itinerário pelos prólogos, prefácios e ensaios em que Bosi se dedica exclusivamente a esmiuçar e explicar as formas breves.
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