Toba, North Sumatera is famous not only for its tourism destination but also for biodiversity. The aim of this research is to explore the potency of the local plant from Toba as bioinsecticide. Six local plant samples, which consists of genus Compositae, Meliaceae, Staphyleaceae, and Actinidiaceae, were obtained from the Toba region,. The macerated extracts were tested their insecticidal activity against Coptotermes gestroi and Spodoptera litura. Bioassay results showed that leaves extract of Ingul (Toona sinensis) at a concentration of 10% (w/v) had the highest mortality effect against Coptotermes gestroi on the tenth day of observation. Whereas, leaves extracts of Pirdot (Saurauia bracteosa), Ingul (Toona sinensis), and Haurese (Azadirachta indica) at the concentration of 1% (w/v) showed the best insecticidal effect with 80% mortality percentage respectively against Spodoptera litura in 4 hours of observation.
Entomopathogenic fungi have the potential to infect most arthropods including termites which are economically important major insects pest of wood, wood products and building structures. However, the application of this fungus in the field has not shown satisfactory results yet, one of which is constrained in mass production of conidia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 16 types of biodegradable products and waste as substrates for mass production of conidia using solid state fermentation method and two types of inoculum namely solid and liquid inoculum. Toxicity tests were carried out on subterranean termites (Coptotermes sp.) based on JIS K 1571, 2010. The parameters observed were the number and dry weight of the conidia produced, conidial viability, nutrient content of the substrate, and percentage of termite mortality. The results showed that rice, sorghum and corn were the best media for the growth of entomopathogenic fungi based on the number of conidia and dry weight of the conidia produced. Metarhizium sp. T4.B23 produced the highest number of conidia, 1.12 x 1011 conidia/100 g substrate and yielded 180.9 ± 0.623 g dry conidia/kg of rice; followed by Metarhizium sp. B2.2 grown on sorghum that resulted in 1.11 x 1010 conidia/100 g substrates and 8 ± 0.570 g /kg sorghum; and B. bassiana produced 8.3 x 109 conidia/100 g substrate and 31.24 ± 0.407 gr/ kg sorghum. Metarhizium sp. B2.2 showed the highest toxicity to termites with 100% mortality was observed within the second day of testing. Therefore the conidia of Metahizium sp. B2.2 is potential to be developed as a biopesticide using rice or sorghum substrate as a carrier.
The Indo-Malayan drywood termite, Cryptotermes cynocephalus (Light) (Kalotermitidae), is considered one of the most invasive drywood termites in the Southeast Asian region. Once infesting a timber, the colony of a drywood termite is very difficult to be controlled. Thus, the best way to mitigate a new infestation of a drywood termite is by applying chemical protection on wood. In recent years, particular attention has been given by researchers to develop and use organic termiticides, such as essential oils extracted from plants as active ingredients. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the repellency performance of several economically important essential oils from Indonesia, such as Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata), Cubeb Pepper (Piper cubeba L), and Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) against a drywood termite, C. cynocephalus. The test was performed by subjecting various concentrations of essential oil toward C. cynocephalus in the force-feeding test method. Sample weight-loss was evaluated after two weeks test. The results suggested that Clove oil has the highest repellence performance against C. cynocephalus, followed by Lemon Grass and Cubeb Pepper oils. The Termite mortality rate was also recorded to understand the toxicity performance of those essential oils.
Termite’s biodiversity is known to be strongly affected by disturbance, particularly in an urban area. The present study evaluated termite biodiversity and distribution in Batam Botanical Garden, an urban conservation area in Batam Island. In the surveyed area, termites could play a major beneficial role through the promotion of essential ecological processes in ecosystems, such as soil modification and rehabilitation; as well as their well-established role as pests for vegetation. Therefore, biodiversity evaluation of termite is very important to identify economically and ecologically important species. Termite survey had been conducted by a 100 × 2 m belt-transect. Transect area was divided into 20 sections (5 × 2 m), in which each section was surveyed for 30 minutes by two trained people. In total, 106 specimens (15 termite genera) were collected from three sampling sites: Plantation, Mangrove forest, and Forest.
The purpose of this study was to apply microbial suspension of which formulated as bio-insecticide to observe its effectiveness in controlling insect pest on chili plants, Capsicum annum L. The efficacy of bio-insecticide was evaluated based on potential entomopathogenic microorganisms used in the microbial suspension. The bio-insecticide consisted of entomopathogenic fungal and bacterial suspensions. The experiment was carried out in chili cultivation area in Situ Gede, Bogor. The application used spray method with multiple various doses. The observation showed that the plant treated with spore suspensions of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium sp. T4B23, B2-2, and cell suspensions of entomopathogenic bacteria Bt + SP4, were able to resist against insect pests, such as whitefly, grasshopper, and armyworm. In addition, the treated plant had more vigorous growth and yield than the control treatment.
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