Abstract-When the total current going through a transformer window is equal to zero, only a negligible part of the magnetic energy reaches its core. This is shown by finite-element-method simulations carried out on several two-winding transformers having different shapes. Moreover, induction and energy-density values obtained by 3-D simulations and by 2-D approximations are very close to each other. These two key observations justify the use of formulas that give the induction created by straight rectangular cross-sectional wires, as used in the partial-elementequivalent-circuit method, to compute the window field and, thus, to value the leakage inductances. To refine this approach, weak magnetic-core effects are accounted for by introducing the magnetic images of currents that flow in the windings. A comparison between the calculated values and measured ones is provided.
This article deals with a component-based approach to design electrical systems modeled by several simulation software. The component paradigm can be applied to simulation software, thus taking advantage of composition facilities. To do so, a visual composition tool has been developed and is presented in this article. It produces recursively a global simulation component from several pieces of simulation software. It also deals with uncertainty by taking into account different kinds of components as well as different kinds of coupling methods. A specific coupling method for components dedicated to optimization is detailed. The sizing process of a home system filter is then presented to illustrate the use of the visual composer tool and this specific coupling method.
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