The proposed chapter on mixed fertilizers, related to mineral fertilizers, categorizes industrial wastes by types and ways of their processing in order to improve the environmental problems of industrial regions brief information on analysis of agronomic ores, their deposits location and extraction • Humate-containing complex-mixed fertilizers of prolonged action •
A depressor action composition was prepared for lowering the pour point of high‐paraffin oils based on butanol and cotton soap stock fatty acids (FA), mainly a C16–C18 distillate fraction. The possibility of using cotton soap stock FA for their esterification with butyl alcohol and ester production based on them is shown. A scheme for preparing the depressor action reagent “BEG‐1” based on the esterified FA, monoethanolamine, and cotton soap stock is proposed. When the BEG was introduced into the samples of high‐paraffin oil taken directly from the group metering device, a decrease in the paraffin crystal size and shape was observed, i.e. their almost complete dissolution, which was accompanied by a change in the viscosity of the samples. Compositions having high surface‐active properties, thermodynamic resistance, and stability were prepared. The paraffin crystal morphology, crystal structure, and shape change were studied. The data obtained are of value for the pipeline transport of hydrocarbons, as the use of the proposed depressor action reagent for high‐paraffin oils can significantly reduce the viscosity of the oil in the pipeline, helping to reduce the energy costs associated with heating the oil for its pumping.
Deficiency of mineral fertilizers in the agricultural sector for last 15-20 years has decreased. Therefore with the purpose of partial reduction of this deficiency it was developed a new polycomponent NPK fertilizer, which contains humate and vermiculite. The given fertilizer has been produced from the natural South Kazakhstan raw materials in accordance with an acid-free way. The given article contains the data and physicochemical properties of initial materials prepared on the basis of phosphorite fines of Zhanatas and Chulaktau deposits and sinter return. Characteristics of vermiculite and the internal overburden rocks formed at the mining brown coal on the Lenger deposit are represented. During the experimental research except the above-stated natural raw materials the following substances were used at manufacture of the polycomponent fertilizer: ammonia saltpeter, ammonium sulphate produced by the OJSC "Grodno-Azot", halurgical potassium chloride produced by "Belaruskaliy" and potassium hydroxide, a chemical reagent of a grade "pure". The given article contains the data about the chemical composition of initial raw materials and conditions of mechanical-chemical activation of the initial materials at various values of components concentration, temperature and time at the polycomponent fertilizer manufacture. The plan and research results of phosphorite's activation with the analysis of a disperse structure of nonactivated and activated Zhanatas phosphorite are represented. The determination of nonactivated and activated phosphorites specific surface was performed with use of a device PSH-8A according to the method based on the measurement of hydraulic resistance of a powder material's layer at filtration of an air low-pressure stream.
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