BackgroundDespite it being known that chronic ischemia results in myelin damage and gray matter atrophy, data regarding patients with moyamoya angiopathy is limited. We hypothesized that chronic ischemia in moyamoya angiopathy leads to myelin damage, especially in anterior watershed regions, as well as cortical atrophy in these areas.Materials and methodsTwenty adult patients with moyamoya angiopathy and 17 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were evaluated using the T1w/T2w mapping method and surface-based MR-morphometry. The T1w/T2w signal intensity ratio, which reflects the white matter integrity, and the cortical thickness, were calculated in watershed regions and compared between the patients and controls. In the patients with moyamoya angiopathy, the correlations between these parameters and the Suzuki stage were also evaluated.ResultsThe regional T1w/T2w ratio values from centrum semiovale in patients with MMA were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (p < 0.05); there was also a downward trend in T1w/T2w ratio values from middle frontal gyrus white matter in patients compared with the controls (p < 0.1). The cortical thickness of the middle frontal gyrus was significantly lower in patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.05). There were negative correlations between the Suzuki stage and the T1w/T2w ratio values from the centrum semiovale and middle frontal white matter.ConclusionT1w/T2w mapping revealed that myelin damage exists in watershed regions in patients with moyamoya angiopathy, in association with cortical atrophy according to MR-morphometry. These changes were correlated with the disease stage.
Implementation of a large number of surgeries enabled improvement of the technique and clarification of the prerequisites for preoperative examination, intraoperative control, and postoperative management of patients. A low mortalits rate suggests this technique for use in clinical practice. The surgery is indicated for the treatment of giant aneurysms of the petrous, cavernous, and clinoid segments of the ICA. In the case of giant supraclinoid aneurysms, the surgery may be combined with removal of thrombotic masses from the aneurysm sac for rapid decompression of the cranial nerves. Application of this surgery for treatment of giant aneurysms of the trunk and bifurcation of the basilar artery is promising but requires further investigation. The surgery is also recommended for improving cerebral perfusion in the setting of complex stenotic occlusive lesions of the BCA: prolonged BCA stenoses, tandem ICA stenoses located in both the extracranial and intracranial segments, nonspecific vasculitis and arteriitis, subcranial aneurysms, kinking etc.
Introduction Management of complex aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is very challenging and require individualized treatment strategies. The aim of our review was to analyze experience with the treatment of complex MCA aneurysms using revascularization and artery sacrifice techniques. Methods We have reviewed 9 original articles on patients' treatment with complex MCA aneurysms. Depending on localization of complex aneurysm of MCA various methods of parent artery sacrifice, revascularization strategies, surgical results, outcomes and complications were reviewed. Results We have analyzed treatment of 244 patients with 246 complex MCA aneurysms in 9 different groups. From 67 to 100% of cases the aneurysms were occluded successfully. Bypass patency being a result of the performed revascularization methods was from 83.3 to 100%. The main complications included ischemic disorders related to occlusion of the bypass graft or perforators injury. Morbidity in some reviews varied from 2.4 to 6.9%. The majority of patients in late follow-up showed good outcomes 0-2 on modified Rankin scale and 4-5 on Glasgow Outcome Scale. Illustrative clinical cases of the patients with complex MCA aneurysms treated at the Federal Neurosurgical Center were presented. Conclusion Complex aneurysms of the MCA are very challenging lesions. The surgical strategy for treating complex MCA aneurysm should take into account vascular anatomy, complex aneurysm morphology, its localization and rupture status of each case
Цель исследования -обобщить опыт выполнения экстракраниально-интракраниальных микроанастомозов (ЭИКМА) c использованием верхнечелюстной артерии (ВЧА) в качестве артерии-донора по поводу гигантских аневризм передних отделов артериального круга большого мозга, а также при окклюзии внутренней сонной артерии (ВСА). Материалы и методы. Формирование ЭИКМА с использованием ВЧА выполнено у 4 пациентов: у 1 -с гигантской фузиформной аневризмой М1-сегмента средней мозговой артерии (СМА), у 1 -с гигантской фузиформной аневризмой супраклиноидного отдела ВСА, у 1 -с гигантской бифуркационной аневризмой ВСА и у 1 -с окклюзией супраклиноидного отдела ВСА. У всех пациентов заболевание протекало по псевдотуморозному типу. У пациента с окклюзией ВСА заболевание проявлялось в виде рецидивирующих транзиторных ишемических атак в ипсилатеральном бассейне, выполнение стандартного ЭИКМА было невозможно из-за повреждения поверхностной височной артерии при предшествующей краниотомии в другом лечебном учреждении. Результаты. Во всех наблюдениях хирургическое вмешательство выполняли из птерионального доступа с резекцией скуловой дуги, в качестве артерии-донора использовали ВЧА, в качестве шунта -участок лучевой артерии, в качестве артерии-реципиента -височный ствол М2-сегмента СМА. У пациента с окклюзией ВСА объем хирургического вмешательства ограничился созданием анастомоза, у всех пациентов после формирования анастомоза следовал этап выключения аневризмы из кровотока (дистальное клипирование М1-сегмента СМА у пациента с аневризмой СМА, перевязка шейного отдела ВСА у пациента с аневризмой супраклиноидного отдела ВСА, временный треппинг, тромбэктомия и клипирование аневризмы у пациента с бифуркационной аневризмой ВСА). Функционирование анастомоза подтверждали при помощи интраоперационных доплерографии и флоуметрии, а также при выполнении мультиспиральной компьютерной и магнитно-резонансной томографии в послеоперационном периоде. У всех пациентов зафиксировано устойчивое функционирование анастомозов, объемный кровоток по шунтам составил 33-57 мл/мин. У пациента с бифуркационной аневризмой ВСА в раннем послеоперационном периоде развился контралатеральный гемипарез, связанный с формированием ишемии в бассейне передней ворсинчатой артерии, который в результате консервативной терапии частично регрессировал. В остальных клинических наблюдениях ухудшения неврологического статуса не произошло. Заключение. ЭИКМА с использованием ВЧА в качестве артерии-донора и лучевой артерии в качестве шунта способны обеспечить достаточный заместительный кровоток в бассейне СМА у пациентов с гигантскими аневризмами передних отделов артериального круга большого мозга и пациентов с окклюзией ВСА. Данный тип шунтов представляется менее травматичным по сравнению с высокопоточными шунтами. Учитывая меньшие длину и извилистость шунта, его более защищенную локализацию, можно предполагать меньший риск тромбоза анастомоза в раннем и отдаленном послеоперационных периодах.
Background. Aneurysms of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery are a rare vascular pathology among both intracranial aneurysms and aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar territory. Due to the proximity of the caudal nerves, microsurgical treatment may be accompanied by the development of bulbar disorders, so endovascular occlusion is the method of choice for aneurysms of origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. However, anatomical features in the vertebrobasilar territory and individual characteristics of the aneurysm often make antegrade catheterization of the artery difficult. In such cases, alternative methods should be used, one of which is transcircular access through the posterior communicating artery.Aim. To present the result of endovascular treatment of a patient with complex aneurysm of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, performed with through a transcirculation approach.Materials and methods. The article analyzes the results of the patient's treatment at the Federal Neurosurgical Center (Novosibirsk) of the Ministry of Health of Russia. Surgical intervention consisted of endovascular occlusion of the aneurysm of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery with stent-assistance. A specific feature of this case was the acute angle of posterior inferior cerebellar artery discharge from the vertebral artery, which significantly hampered the direct endovascular catheterization of the aneurysm and increased the risks of intraoperative complications. A transcirculation approach through the posterior communicating artery was chosen as an access. After discharge, the patient underwent a follow-up examination 6 months later.Results. Excellent clinical and angiographic results (occlusion classification (RROC - Raymond Roy I) were noted both at the time of the patient's discharge and during follow-up based on the results of control angiograms.Conclusion. The use of transcirculation endovascular access to the proximal aneurysm of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery made it possible to obtain a good result of surgical treatment.
<p>This article presents a literature review devoted to the reconstruction of the distal vertebral artery and a clinical case of successful surgical treatment of a patient suffering from vertebrobasilar insufficiency caused by occlusion of the vertebral artery in a proximal segment. The external carotid artery-distal vertebral artery bypass was performed by using the radial artery.</p><p>Received 27 February 2017. Revised 25 July 2017. Accepted 3 August 2017.</p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The study did not have sponsorship.<br /><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p><p> </p>