SUMMARYThe paper considers the finite element analysis of the free, undamped and the forced damped vibrations of rotationally periodic structures. Associated with every natural frequency (except for those for which the deflection is the same at corresponding points on every substructure) there are a pair of orthogonal mode shapes, with eigenvectors { u } and {G}. The complex vector { z } = {u}fi{U} is also an eigenvector of the equations of motion, and represents a rotating normal mode. The deflection of one substructure has the same amplitude as, and a constant phase difference from, the deflection of the preceding substructure. It is therefore possible to analyse the complete structure by considering only one substructure, and applying appropriate complex constraints at its boundary with the following substructure, so as to impose this phase difference. The method has been implemented in a computer program and is illustrated by analyses of an alternator end winding, a cooling tower with legs, and a wheel of turbine blades.For forced vibration, it is shown that any arbitrary oscillatory force can be decomposed into a series of rotating forces. For any one of these rotating components, there is a fixed relationship between the amplitude and phase of the force acting on one substructure, and that acting on an adjoining substructure. This relationship, which does not involve any approximation, can be used to enable a series of calculations of the response of one substructure to be performed instead of one on the whole structure. A series of calculations on an individual substructure normally requires much less computer time and storage than a single calculation on the complete structure. INTRODUCTIONMany engineering structures have a more or less cylindrical form. In some cases, such as certain pipes, chimneys, or pressure vessels, the structures are axisymmetric, and there is now a considerable range of computer programs available for analysing these, taking full advantage of their axisymmetric nature. However, if a structure is not exactly axisymmetric, and cannot be represented approximately by an axisymmetric idealization, it is at present necessary to analyse the whole structure.The class of structure considered in this paper consists of those which have rotational periodicity. By this is meant that, if the geometry for any radial and axial position is defined at some angle 8, it is identical at (8 + n&), where do is 2 7~/ N , and n and N are integers. N is structure-dependent and n is any integer less than N. It follows that once the geometry has been defined over a sector or substructure from 6' to 8 +do, the remainder of the structure can be obtained by repeated rotations through do. (Note that the sector can start at different 8 positions for different values of r and 2). Structures which possess this property include some alternator end-windings, bladed turbine discs, and cooling towers with legs. These are all complex non-axisymmetric structures for which a complete analysis is impracticable for compute...

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SUMMARYThe eigenvalue economization process is an efficient way of reducing the size of eigenvalue problems to manageable proportions, at the expense of introducing approximations. The use of automatic criteria for selecting the slave variables to be eliminated has considerably eased the use of this technique recently.However, it is necessary to ensure that unacceptable errors are not introduced by the condensation process. Until recently, there has been little available to guide the user in estimating errors except past experience. In this paper, the errors introduced in the condensation process are considered theoretically, using an algebraic approach. This enables an absolute error bound to be stated, together with an approximate bound which can be very easily evaluated. Examples are given of the use of the approximate bound.