High-speed cinematography with computer aided analysis was used to study equine hindlimb kinematics. Eight horses were filmed at the trot or the pace. Filming was done from the side (lateral) and the back (caudal). Parameters measured from the lateral filming included the heights of the tuber coxae and tailhead, protraction and retraction of the hoof and angular changes of the tarsus and stifle. Abduction and adduction of the limb and tarsal height changes were measured from the caudal filming. The maximum and minimum values plus the standard deviations and coefficients of variations are presented in tabular form. Three gait diagrams were constructed to represent stifle angle versus tarsal angle, metatarsophalangeal height versus protraction-retraction (fetlock height diagram) and tuber coxae and tailhead height versus stride (pelvic height diagram). Application of the technique to the group of horses revealed good repeatability of the gait diagrams within a limb and the diagrams appeared to be sensitive indicators of left/right asymmetries.
SCHNURR, D. L., and V. G. THOMAS. 1984. Histochemical properties of locomotory muscles of European hares and cottontail rabbits. Can. J. Zool. 62: 21 57-21 63. European hares (Lepus t-apensis) and cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus f1orihnlr.r) represent near extremes in the locomotory pattern encountered among leporids. Animals of both species were collected and four major hindlimb locomotor muscles were examined histochemically for succinic dehydrogenase and myosin adenosine triphosphatase activities. Muscle fibres were classified as fast-twitch glycolytic, fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic, or slow-twitch oxidative. and the percent composition and transverse area of the fibre types were obtained. Hare muscles had a much greater oxidative capacity than cottontail muscles as shown by 32-55% more fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic fibres than cottontail muscles. This correlates with the capacity of hares for high-speed endurance running and their inhabiting open, expansive environments. Cottontail muscles had a large proportion (45 -54%) of fast-twitch glycolytic fibres of large transverse area resulting in the muscles being composed primarily of fast-twitch glycolytic fibres. This reflects the capacity of rabbits for quick bursts of activity and this type of locomotor pattern may restrict cottontails to densely covered deciduous habitats. SCHNURR, D. L., et V. G. THOMAS. 1984. Histochemical properties of locomotory muscles of European hares and cottontail rabbits. Can. J. Zool. 62: 2157-2163. Le lievre europeen (Lepus c-upensis) et le lapin cottontail (Sv1vilngu.s floritlunus) representent a peu pres les deux extremes des systemes locomoteurs rencontres chez les leporides. Des representants des deux especes ont kt@ captures et I'histochimie de quatre des principaux muscles locomoteurs des membres posterieurs a kt@ etudiee afin de mesurer I'activite de la deshydrogenase succinique et de I'adenosine triphosphatase de la myosine. Les fibres musculaires ont et@ classifiees en trois groupes:les fibres glycolytiques a contraction rapide, les fibres glycolytiques oxydatives contraction rapide et les fibres oxydatives h contraction lente; les proportions de ces fibres en pourcentage et la surface des fibres en coupe transversale ont ete dkterminees. Les muscles des lievres ont une capacite d'oxydation beaucoup plus grande que les muscles des cottontails puisqu'ils contiennent de 32-55% plus de fibres glycolytiques oxydatives contraction rapide que les muscles des cottontails. Cette musculature confere aux lievres une endurance h la course h grande vitesse et est en correlation avec leur environnement constitue de vastes espaces ouverts. Les muscles des cottontails contiennent une grande proportion (45-54%) de fibres glycolytiques a contraction rapide a grande surface en coupe transversale; ces fibres constituent la plus grande partie de leurs muscles. Cela explique la capacite qu'ont les lapins de se mouvoir brusquement et c'est sans doute ce type de systeme locomoteur qui limite les cottontails a des forets trits denses d'arb...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.