This chapter briefly describes plant health and quarantine as a discipline and as a business, emphasizing the need for quarantine in the midst of risks of pest and weed introduction through trade.
Plots were fumigated with various amounts of D-D or 85 % dazomet dust and sown with spring wheat given various amounts of nitrogenous fertilizer. Dazomet increased yield and decreased take-all disease in the first crop after application, but increased the disease in the second crop. Although D-D increased take-all slightly, it increased yield in 1966, but in 1967 it decreased yield and its use was associated with a severe ear deformity. Fumigation had little effect on eyespot, sharp eyespot, root browning (Fusarium spp.), or browning root rot (Pythium spp.), but decreased nematode damage where nematodes were numerous.
Seed potato tuber inspections were inaugurated in England and Wales as a training exercise daring 1974–77, preparatory to the operation of seed potato classification under statutory authority as from 1978. The number of stocks inspected varied from 359 for the 1976 harvest (38% of those classified) to 536 for the 1975 harvest (52%). The proportion of stocks meeting the required standards progressively increased from 82% for 1974 crops to 91% for 1977 crops. The diseases most commonly causing the failure of stocks to meet the required standards were gangrene (Phoma exigua var. foveata) for crops harvested in 1974, 1975 and 1977, and non‐bacterial soft rots for 1976 crops. Over the 4 years the proportion of stocks failing to meet the required standards for diseases were respectively: 1.2% for tuber blight (Phytophthora infestans); 0.6% for bacterial soft rots (Erwinia carotovora subspp.); 2.0% for non‐bacterial soft rots (including Phytophthora erythroseptica and Pythium ultimum); 0.8% for dry rots (Fusarium spp.); 4.0% for gangrene; 0.1% for skinspot (Polyscytalum pustulans); 0.1% for black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani); 0.1% for powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea) and 1.6% for common scab (Streptomyces spp.).
This book is an introductory text on the principles of plant health and quarantine and is aimed at plant health administrators and inspectors as well as students and scientists. Topics covered include the history of plant health controls, current international phytosanitary regimes, notes on import and export controls, eradication and containment, certification and marketing schemes, indexing and diagnosis in plant health, pest risk analysis and hygiene and precautionary measures. The book also includes a glossary and a list of related web sites. It will be of interest to those working in plant science, plant pathology and plant entomology.
S U M M A R YWinter wheat was grown in soil fumigated with D-D, 85 % dazomet dust or formalin, and top-dressed with o or 125 kg nitrogen/ha. Six weeks after fumigation, there was much more ammonium nitrogen in fumigated than in unfumigated soil. Nitrate was also more after fumigation with dazomet, but less after D-D and formalin. After 5 months, only D-D plots had less
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