The use of biofuel is one method for limiting the harmful impact of diesel engines on the environment. It is also a way of gradually becoming less dependent on the depleting petroleum resources. New resources for producing biodiesel are currently being sought. The authors produced esters from animal fat waste, obtaining a fuel that can power diesel engines and identifying a way to utilise unnecessary waste. The animal fat methyl ester (AME) was produced using a reactor constructed for non-industrial ester production. The aim underlying this paper was to determine whether a diesel engine can be fuelled with AME biodiesel and to test this fuel’s impact on exhaust gas composition and fuel consumption. Fuelling a Perkins 1104D-44TA engine with AME biodiesel led to a reduction in the smoke opacity of the exhaust gas as well as in carbohydrate, particulate matter, and carbon monoxide concentrations. The carbon dioxide concentrations were similar for biodiesel and diesel fuel. Slight increases in nitrogen oxides concentrations and brake-specific fuel consumption were found for AMEs. An engine can be fuelled with AME biodiesel, but it is necessary to improve its low-temperature properties.
Road transport is the primary source of atmospheric air pollution, thus posing a threat to human health and life. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of fuel obtained from plants on the ecological properties of a compression ignition engine. The article reports the results of investigations into a modern engine with a Common Rail system, powered by the RME (rapeseed methyl esters) biodiesel and their blends with diesel. For comparison, the engine was also fuelled with conventional diesel oil without ester addition. When powering the engine with blends and pure biodiesel, brake specific fuel consumption increased. The concentrations of nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide in the engine exhaust gas also slightly increased. At the same time, a clear reduction in average concentrations of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particulates matter was obtained.
A vehicle’s longitudinal acceleration is one the parameters that characterize a vehicle’s motion dynamics and used, among others, to assess the comfort of public bus passengers. Rapid acceleration and braking performed by urban bus drivers can be deemed by passengers as uncomfortable and dangerous in some situations, especially for standing passengers. This paper presents an analysis of a public bus’s longitudinal acceleration recorded during extreme acceleration and braking attempts. The experimental tests were conducted on dry and wet asphalt and concrete surfaces. The test results allow for the statement that lateral acceleration depends largely on the road’s surface and its type. The maximum longitudinal acceleration values during rapid acceleration, depending on the surface, are within the narrow range of 2.18-2.81 m/s2. During braking, a public bus’s minimum longitudinal acceleration was within the range of -5.58÷-8.54 m/s2.
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