We dealt with the study of the ability of different varieties of cherries, cherries and vegetatively propagated rootstocks to reproduce by green cutting explants in artificial substrates in buildings with a controlled microclimate inside. As varieties in the experiment, such varieties of cherries as Shpanka black, Podbelskaya, Shubinka and Lyubskaya, cherries Revershon, Bakhor, and Drogana yellow were used. Of the vegetatively propagated rootstocks, the following were studied: P-1, P-2, P-3, PN, VTS-13, VP-1, ORP-2, ORP-3, VSL-2 (Krymsky 5), SAV-6R. Of the used cherry varieties, the best rooting of green cuttings was possessed by such cherry varieties as Shpanka black, Podbelskaya and Shubinka, with a quality index of cuttings rooting in the substrate of 70.1 to 83.5%. In sweet cherry varieties, this indicator was 2.5 times lower and generally did not exceed 30.2%. Vegetatively propagated rootstocks provided high quality results of rooting of cuttings explants. In almost all of these rootstocks, the rooting rate of green cuttings did not decrease below 72%. The average rooting rate of rootstock cuttings was 85.7%. This indicates that these rootstocks can be used for industrial cultivation of stone fruit seedlings.
The scientific article presents the results of research work on the study of varietal characteristics of sour cherry and sweet cherry and methods for artificial formation of tree crowns at the level of photosynthetic activity of leaves with the orientation of growing trees by their intensive technology. Zoned cherry varieties Shubinka, Podbelskaya and Shpanka chernaya, sweet cherry Bakhor, Revershon and Drogana jyoltaya grown on a weak vegetatively propagated rootstock BBA-1 and BCL-2 (Krymskiy-5) were used as the object of the study. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the optimal crown system for varieties of sour cherry and sweet cherry is a five skeletal wall. The formation of the crown in these forms contributes to a decrease in the volume of the crown by an average of 25%, at which the net productivity of leaf photosynthesis in comparison with the usual formation of the crown — freely growing and sparse-tiered shape, reaches 34.73 g/m2 per day. With the formation of bushy crown forms in cherries and sweet cherries, the level of leaf formation improves and the chlorophyll content in the leaves increases to 13.42 mg /g of fresh weight of leaves.
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