Prostate cancer (PCa) is a public health problem worldwide. Among all malignant tumors, PCa ranks second in prevalence (105 out of 185 countries) and fifth in cause of death in men in 46 countries. In some cases, this pathology is verified in men under the age of 50, including the advanced stage of the metastatic process. The review article provides information on the epidemiology and prevalence of PCa in young men obtained from the PubMed, CrossRef, and Scopus databases. The data on the probable causal relationship of a number of factors potentially affecting the development of prostate carcinoma are presented. Little-known and new molecular genetic changes are described, including those associated with prostate-specific antigen (PSA), with a proven role in the development of this disease, the use of which will make it possible to predict PCa development in the early stages in a timely manner. It has been determined that the common methods for diagnosing carcinoma in the population, assessing the level of serum PSA, are not always accurate and that the algorithm for their use has not been finally formed. The study of risk factors for the development of PCa in young patients will make it possible to formulate a new diagnostic approach based on considering personal molecular genetic information. The development of this direction is relevant and has an important social and economic importance, considering the study of the contingent of the able-bodied population.
The study objective is to improve results of treatment of patients with prostate cancer (PC) and low oncological risk.Materials and methods. Since November of 2019 at the Institute of Urology and Human Reproductive Health of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University 40 patients with PC and low oncological risk were included in the protocol of active observation. In all patients, the level of prostate-specific antigen was evaluated every 3 months, digital rectal examination was performed every 6 months, magnetic resonance tomography of the pelvis with intravenous contrast was performed every 12 months. Confirming biopsy of the prostate was performed once, 1 year after the beginning of observation. Every 6 months patients' quality of life was evaluated using the SF-36 (Short Form 36 Health Quality Survey), IIEF-5 (International Index of Erectile Function), IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score), EPIC-26 (Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite) questionnaires.Results. Two (5 %) patients underwent surgical treatment due to PC progression. One (2.5 %) patient preferred treatment due to oncological anxiety. Mean value per the SF-36 questionnaire at the beginning of the study was 63.2 ± 11.5 for psychological component of health and 57.1 ± 9.8 for physical component of health. At the moment, the assessment of the psychological and physical components of health according to SF-36 is 69.5 ± 12.4 and 66.3 ± 8.9 points, respectively. Mean IIEF-5 value at the beginning of the study was 18.8 ± 4.2, currently it is 18.6 ± 3.9. At the beginning of the study mean IPSS value was 9.1 ± 2.1, currently it is 9.4 ± 1.9. For the EPIC-26 questionnaire mean value for all criteria initially was 56.1 ± 5.1, currently it is 68.2 ± 4.6.Conclusion. First results of active observation of patients with PC and low oncological risk demonstrated that this approach allows to avoid unnecessary treatment of patients who do not require immediate intervention and to start treatment on time in cases where it is required while preserving high quality of life for the patients.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.