As part of the R&D program of the LCLS-II project, a novel 3.4-meter-long undulator prototype with horizontal magnetic field and dynamic force compensation has recently been developed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Previous steps in this development were the shorter 0.8-meter-long and 2.8-meterlong prototypes. Extensive mechanical and magnetic testing were carried out for each prototype, and each prototype was magnetically tuned using magnetic shims. The resulting performance of the 3.4-meter-long undulator prototype meets all requirements for the LCLS-II insertion device, including limits on the field integrals, phase errors, higher-order magnetic moments, and electron-beam trajectory for all operational gaps, as well as the reproducibility and accuracy of the gap settings.
X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) probes the spontaneous fluctuation in spatial configurations of mixed phases, which can significantly impact the material properties of complex fluid. Tailored material design, however, requires navigation through massive multi-dimensional parameter space which is beyond the bandwidth of current XPCS beamline infrastructure. Using 3.7 μs-resolved XPCS, we demonstrate that Brownian dynamics of silica colloidal nanoparticles in a shielded pendant drop suspended from an electronic pipette is consistent with a sealed capillary, validating the use of pendant drop for automated XPCS measurement. Furthermore, the electronic pipette can be mounted on a robotic arm to access different stock solutions and create samples with highly-repeatable and precisely-controlled composition profiles (Video S2). This closed-loop, AI-executable experimental protocol is the first step towards autonomous material discovery and is applicable for not only XPCS, but also other high-throughput light and x-ray scattering techniques for multimodal, collaborative material characterization.
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