This paper describes an IgM monoclonal antibody (49H.8) which was produced following immunization of BALB/c mice with human neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes (NE-RBC). 49H.8 reacts with NE-RBC, neuraminidase-treated T lymphocytes (NE-T) and NE B lymphocytes of both human and murine origin. Little or no reactivity with untreated T or B cells could be detected. Thus the 49H.8 antigen is "cryptic" in most normal lymphocytes of both humans and mice. In contrast, the 49H.8 antigen was detected in non-cryptic or unsubstituted form on many non-treated murine lymphomas of both B- and T-cell origin, on the spontaneous murine mammary carcinoma, TA3-HA and on several human adenocarcinomas. The 49H.8 antigen appears to be related to the previously described 49H.24 antigen as shown by sugar inhibition experiments. 49H.24 reacts most strongly with the synthetic disaccharide (betaGa1 (I leads to 3)alpha Ga1NAc) but not at all with beta Ga1(I leads to 3)beta Ga1Nac. 49H.24 does not react with any of the murine or human tumors tested. 49H.8 reacts with both the alpha and beta forms of the disaccharide but reacts most strongly with phenyl-beta-galactoside-containing compounds. In contrast, phenyl-alpha-galactoside-containing compounds produced no reaction. The natural determinant detected by this antibody was not determined but various possibilities are considered. 49H.8 was used to detect antigen apparently shed from growing TA3-Ha cells into the serum and ascites of tumor-bearing mice. These observations suggest that the 49H.8 monoclonal antibody will be valuable as a specific reagent for a common tumor-associated antigen shared by certain murine and human tumors, and as a means of assaying shed tumor antigen in circulation as in the TA3-Ha mammary adenocarcinoma model.

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The Coulter STKS mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and hematocrit (HCT) are assessed in thrombotic diseases. Complete blood counts (CBCs) were studied retrospectively in 645 consecutive hospital cases and, 850 "CBCs with blood films to the pathologist." Because the MPV and PDW are time dependant, nomograms and tables were created for the 0-25-and 26-40-min elapsed time intervals. In this study, abnormal CBC platelet parameters were found in the majority of patients with common thrombotic diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, congestive heart failure, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and toxemia. Thrombotic disease-related CBC categories include combined elevated MPV and PDW, elevated MPV or PDW alone, "MCV/MPV mismatch" (failure of physiologic "MCV/MPV match"), rheologic problem of elevated HCT and MPV, and mild thrombocytopenia with decreased MPV and high PDW. Anticoagulants and steroids often decrease the MPV. CBC platelet parameter abnormalities provide a new useful classification of thrombotic diseases in daily practice.This article on thrombotic diseases assesses the ' clinical utility of the mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW), rendered interpretable by creation of reference ranges for specific intervals of elapsed time, namely 025 and 26-40 min. The MPV and PDW are time dependant, and there are two recent thorough reviews that discuss the variables affecting the MPV and PDW as measured and reported by modern hematology analyzers (1,2). Many of our colleagues have stopped reporting MPV and PDW because these parameters seem to have little clinical relevance, and we agree if they are reported without benefit of the elapsed time in minutes. We quote Jackson and Carter &dquo;Platelet parameters including the MPV and the PDW have been available to the clinicians since the early 1970s, but their role in the diagnosis and management of patients remains u~clear'' fl).Our Hospital Laboratory acquired a Coulter STKS Hematology Analyzer in 1990, almost 4 years before acquisition of a main-frame computer. In 1990, all the critical data including collection and analysis times were reported on the same hematology &dquo;card&dquo;, which served as both the hematology request and report form. In January, 1992 we began reporting the PDW. Recently, we published preliminary reports on the usefulness of the platelet parameters in assessing thrombotic disease cases (3,4). In this article we report a retrospective prevalence study of the MPV and PDW on all thrombotic disease patients encountered in 1,495 consecutive cases, including hospital admissions and outpatients. MATERIALS AND METHODS ObjectivesOur ofginal objective was to study a series of clinical cases to determine which diseases were associated with MPV and PDW abnormalities. Following documentation of our initial observations (3,4), our new objective is a more detailed retrospective case review for purposes of further categorizing common CBC abnormalities seen in m...

The role of glycoconjugates in tumor cell differentiation has been well documented. We have examined the expression of the two anomers of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen on the surface of human, canine and murine tumor cell membranes both in vitro and in vivo. This has been accomplished through the synthesis of the disaccharide terminal residues in both a and ß configuration. Both entities were used to generate murine monoclonal antibodies which recognized the carbohydrate determinants. The determination of fine specificities of these antibodies was effected by means of cellular uptake, immunohistopathology and immunoscintigraphy. Examination of pathological specimens of human and canine tumor tissue indicated that the expressed antigen was in the β configuration. More than 89% of all human carcinomas tested expressed the antigen in the above anomeric form. The combination of synthetic antigens and monoclonal antibodies raised specifically against them provide us with invaluable tools for the study of tumor marker expression in humans and their respective animal tumor models.