The ethanolysis of the monoanion of thiophosphate (1) proceeds with a large degree of racemisation (ca. 80%) and the dianion with complete racemisation, the corresponding solvolysis of the monoanion in aqueous ethanol giving ethyl thiophosphate (3) with ca. 70% racemisation; these data provide the first direct support of a freely-solvated monomeric thiometaphosphate intermediate (2) in the case of the solvolysis of the dianion in ethanol and a relatively long-lived intermediate for the monoanion in ethanol and in aqueous ethanol.
The flocculation of arachidic acid sols by the cations, thorium, lanthanum, copper, barium and calcium has been investigated. Measurements of the rate of flocculation were used to evaluate the stability ratio. The electrophoretic properties of the sols were investigated in the presence of the same cations. Combination of the stability and electrophoresis results enabled curves of stability ratio against zeta potential to be constructed. The effective London-van der Waals constant of attraction was calculated from these curves and found to be of the order of 10-14 erg. Theoretical calculations of the constant led to a value of the same order of magnitude.
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