. 2008. Effect of dried distillers' grains from wheat on diet digestibility and performance in feedlot cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88: 659Á665. In a 55-d backgrounding period, 120 British cross heifers (312920 kg) received diets containing 55% barley silage, 5% supplement and 0 (n 024), 20 (n 024), or 40% (n 072) wheat distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The remainder of the diet was steam-rolled barley. Replacing half (20%) or all (40%) of the barley with DDGS did not affect dry matter intake (DMI) (P00.61), average daily gain (ADG) (P00.86), or gain:feed (P00.94), indicating the energy content of DDGS is similar to that of barley when included in backgrounding diets. During a 133-d finishing period, DDGS were included at 0, 20, 40, or 60% of diet dry matter (DM) or at 60% plus additional calcium, provided as 1% limestone (n 024). Additional calcium did not (P!0.1) affect DMI, ADG, or gain:feed. Increasing levels of DDGS linearly increased (P00.001) DMI and reduced (P00.04) gain:feed and diet NEg content (P00.001), but had no effect on ADG (P00.20). Feeding 60% DDGS reduced (PB0.01) DM digestibility as compared with the control. Wheat DDGS has similar feeding value as barley when included at 20% of diet DM, but digestibility and energy content decline with higher levels of inclusion.Key words: Beef, digestibility, distillers' dried grains, wheat Gibb, D. J., Hao, X. et McAllister, T. A. 2008. Incidence des dre`ches se`ches de distillerie de ble´sur la digestibilite´de la ration et le rendement des bovins de boucherie. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88: 659Á665. Durant une pe´riode de semi-finition de 55 jours, des ge´nisses hybrides British (312920 kg) ont rec¸u une ration contenant 55 % d'ensilage d'orge, 5 % de supple´ment et soit 0 (n 024), 20 (n 024) ou 40 % de dre`ches se`ches de distillerie de ble´avec re´sidus solubles (DDGS; n072). Le reste de la ration e´tait constitue´de flocons d'orge. Remplacer la moitie´(20 %) ou la totalite´(40 %) de l'orge par des DDGS n'affecte pas l'ingestion de matie`re se`che (P00,61), le gain quotidien moyen (P00,86) ni le ratio gain/aliment (P00,94), signe que les DDGS renferment autant d'e´nergie que l'orge quand on s'en sert pour la semi-finition. Lors d'une pe´riode de finition de 133 jours, les chercheurs ont remplace´0 (n 024), 20 (n 024), 40 (n 024) ou 60 % de la matie`re se`che de la ration (n 024) par des DDGS. Une cinquie`me ration, contenant un supple´ment de calcium (1 % de chaux) et 60 % de DDGS (n 024) a aussi e´te´e´value´e. Le calcium supple´mentaire n'affecte pas (P!0,1) l'ingestion de matie`re se`che, le gain quotidien moyen ni le ratio gain/aliment. Augmenter la concentration de DDGS entraıˆne une hausse line´aire (P00,001) de l'ingestion de matie`re se`che et diminue (P 00,04) le ratio gain/aliment ainsi que la concentration de NEg dans la ration (P00,001), mais n'a aucun effet sur le gain quotidien moyen (P00,20). Une proportion de 60 % de DDGS dans la ration re´duit (PB0,01) la digestibilite´de la matie`re se`che, comparativement a`la ration te´moin. Les ...
Eighty continental crossbred beef heifers (414.9 ± 37.9 kg of BW), 16 of which were ruminally cannulated, were used in a 52-d experiment with a generalized randomized block design, to assess if self-selection of dietary ingredients modulates ruminal pH and improves rumen function of feedlot finishing cattle. Treatments were total mixed ration [TMR; 85% barley grain (BG), 10% corn silage (CS), 5% supplement]; or free-choice (self-selection; FC) diets of barley grain and corn silage (BGCS), barley grain and wheat distillers grain (BGDG), or corn silage and wheat distillers grain (CSDG). Heifers were housed in groups of 10 in 8 pens equipped with the GrowSafe System (Airdrie, AB, Canada) enabling feed intake and feeding behavior to be continuously monitored. Two cannulated heifers were randomly assigned to each pen and equipped with indwelling pH probes for continuous measurement of ruminal pH during 4 periods (d 1 to 4, d 7 to 14, d 21 to 28, and d 42 to 49). Rumen fluid samples were collected from cannulated heifers on d 7 and 42 before feed delivery, and on d 4 and 49 at 2 h post-feed delivery for determination of VFA. Heifers fed the TMR had shorter (P = 0.01) and smaller (P = 0.03) meals than those fed the FC diets. Cattle fed BGCS and BGDG increased (P < 0.01) intake of BG over time by up to 80 and 70%, respectively. Increased consumption of BG arose from an increase (P < 0.01) in eating rate over the same (P > 0.10) feeding time, which was accompanied by an increase (P < 0.05) in eating rate but a decrease (P < 0.05) in feeding time of either CS or DG. Even with increased BG consumption, ruminal pH and VFA profiles were not different (P > 0.10) among FC diets or compared with the TMR. Cattle fed FC CSDG consumed DG at 60% of dietary DM over the trial, resulting in greater (P < 0.05) mean ruminal pH and acetate-to-propionate ratio and less (P < 0.05) area under the curve than those given the other FC diets or the TMR. Finishing feedlot cattle fed FC diets containing BG self-regulate intake of diets that have a similar composition, intake level, and ruminal fermentation profile to those fed a TMR.
. 2005. Effect of full-fat hemp seed on performance and tissue fatty acids of feedlot cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 85: 223-230. Sixty individually penned steers (380 ± 39 kg) were fed barley-based finishing diets containing 0 (control), 9 or 14% full-fat hemp seed (HS) and effects on performance and tissue fatty acid profiles were assessed. At harvest, samples of pars costalis diaphragmatis (PCD) and brisket fat were collected from each carcass. Feeding HS did not affect (P > 0.25) dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), or gain feed -1 . Carcass traits were also unaffected (P > 0.35) by treatment. Feeding HS linearly increased (P < 0.001) proportions of C18:0, C18:3 and C18:1 trans-9 in PCD, and 18:2 trans, trans in both PCD and brisket fat. As well, HS linearly increased cis-9 trans-11 CLA (P < 0.001), total saturates (P = 0.002) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P = 0.01) in PCD. The presence of C20:4, C20:5 and C22:5 was detected only in tissues of cattle supplemented with HS (P < 0.06). Linear reductions (P < 0.002) in C16:1 cis, C17:1, C18:1 cis-9, C20:1, and total unsaturates in PCD, as well as linear decreases in C17:0 (P = 0.04) and C17:1 (P < 0.001) in brisket fat were observed when HS was fed. Levels of HS up to 14% of dietary DM exerted no detrimental effect on the growth or feed efficiency of cattle as compared to cattle fed a standard barley-based finishing diet. Including HS in the diet had both positive (increased CLA content) and negative (increased trans and saturated fats) effects on fatty acid profiles of beef tissues. Soixante bouvillons (380 ± 39 kg) gardés dans des enclos distincts ont reçu une ration de finition à base d'orge contenant 0 (témoin), 9 ou 14 % de graines de chanvre non délipidées (HS). On a étudié l'incidence d'une telle ration sur le rendement et la composition des acides gras dans les tissus. À l'abattage, on a prélevé des échantillons du gras du pars costalis diaphragmatis (PCD) et de la pointe de poitrine de chaque carcasse. L'ingestion de HS ne modifie pas (P > 0,25) l'ingestion de matière sèche, le gain quotidien moyen ni le gain selon le type d'aliment. Les paramètres de la carcasse ne sont pas affectés (P > 0,35) non plus par le traitement. L'ingestion de HS accroît de façon linéaire (P < 0,001) la proportion de C18:0, de C18:3 et de C18:1 trans-9 dans le PCD et de 18:2 trans, trans dans le PCD et la pointe de poitrine. Le HS augmente aussi linéairement la quantité d'acide linoléique conjugué cis-9-trans-11 (P < 0,001), d'acides gras saturés totaux (P = 0,002) et d'acides gras polyinsaturés (P = 0,01) dans le PCD. On n'a décelé la présence de C20:4, de C20:5 et de C22:5 que dans les tissus des bovins à qui on avait donné du HS (P < 0,06). L'administration de HS entraîne une diminution linéaire (P < 0,002) du C16:1 cis, du C17:1, du C18:1 cis-9, du C20:1 et de l'ensemble des acides gras insaturés dans le PCD ainsi qu'une baisse linéaire du C17:0 (P = 0,04) et du C17:1 (P < 0,001) dans le gras de la pointe de poitrine. Jusqu'à concurrence de 14 % de la m...
The value of sunflower seed (SS) in finishing diets was assessed in two feeding trials. In Exp. 1, 60 yearling steers (479 +/- 45 kg) were fed five diets (n = 12). A basal diet (DM basis) of 84.5% steam-rolled barley, 9% barley silage, and 6.5% supplement was fed as is (control), with all the silage replaced (DM basis) with rolled SS, or with grain:silage mix replaced with 9% whole SS, 14% whole SS, or 14% rolled SS. Liver, diaphragm, and brisket samples were obtained from each carcass. In Exp. 2, 120 yearling steers (354 +/- 25 kg) were fed corn- or barley-based diets containing no SS, high-linoleic acid SS, or high-oleic acid SS (a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, n = 20). Whole SS was included at 10.8% in the corn-based and 14% in the barley-based diets (DM basis). In Exp. 1, feeding whole SS linearly increased DMI (P = 0.02), ADG (P = 0.01), and G:F (P = 0.01). Regression of ME against level of whole SS indicated that SS contained 4.4 to 5.9 Mcal ME/kg. Substituting whole for rolled SS did not significantly alter DMI, ADG, or G:F (8.55 vs. 8.30 kg/d; 1.36 vs. 1.31 kg; and 0.157 vs. 0.158, respectively). Replacing the silage with rolled SS had no effect on DMI (P = 0.91) but marginally enhanced ADG (P = 0.10) and improved G:F (P = 0.01). Dressing percent increased linearly (P = 0.08) with level of SS in the diet. Feeding SS decreased (P < 0.05) levels of 16:0 and 18:3 in both diaphragm and subcutaneous fats, and increased (P = 0.05) the prevalence of 18:1, 18:2, cis-9,trans-11-CLA and trans-10,cis-12-CLA in subcutaneous fat. In Exp. 2, barley diets supplemented with high-linoleic SS decreased DMI (P = 0.02) and ADG (P = 0.007) by steers throughout the trial, whereas no decrease was noted with corn (interaction P = 0.06 for DMI and P = 0.01 for ADG). With barley, high-linoleic SS decreased final live weight (554 vs. 592 kg; P = 0.01), carcass weight (329 vs. 346 kg; P = 0.06), and dressing percent (58.5 vs. 59.4%; P = 0.04). Steers fed high-linoleic SS plus barley had less (P < 0.05) backfat than those fed other SS diets. No adverse effects of SS on liver abscess incidence or meat quality were detected. Although they provide protein and fiber useful in formulating finishing diets for cattle, and did improve performance in Exp. 1, no benefit from substituting SS for grain and roughage was detected in Exp. 2. Because of unexplained inconsistencies between the two experiments, additional research is warranted to confirm the feeding value of SS in diets for feedlot cattle.
. 2010. Evaluation of wheat or corn dried distillers' grains with solubles on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 259Á269. A study was conducted on crossbred steers (n0275; 376924 kg) to evaluate performance and carcass quality of cattle fed wheat or corn dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS). The control ration contained 86.6% rolled barley grain, 5.7% supplement and 7.7% barley silage (DM basis). The four treatments included replacement of barley grain at 20 or 40% of the diet (DM basis) with wheat or corn DDGS. Steers were slaughtered at a common end weight of 645 kg with 100 steers randomly (n 020 per treatment) selected for determination of the retail yield of sub-primal boneless boxed beef (SPBBB). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using pen as the experimental unit. Feeding increasing levels of wheat DDGS led to a quadratic increase in dry matter intake (DMI) (PB0.01), whereas increasing levels of corn DDGS led to a quadratic decrease in DMI (P00.01). Average daily gain was not influenced (P00.13) by feeding wheat or corn DDGS, but cattle fed corn DDGS exhibited a quadratic increase (P00.01) in gain:feed. As a result, a quadratic increase (P B0.01) in calculated NE g of the diet was observed as corn DDGS levels increased. A linear decrease (P00.04) in days on feed (169, 166 and 154 d) was noted when increasing levels of wheat DDGS (0, 20 and 40%) were fed. Dressing percentage increased in a linear fashion with wheat DDGS (P B0.01) inclusion level and in a quadratic fashion (P 00.01) as corn DDGS inclusion level increased although other carcass traits were not affected (P0.10) by treatment. The results indicate that replacement of barley grain with corn or wheat DDGS up to 40% of the diet (DM) can lead to superior performance (improved gain:feed or reduced days on feed, respectively) with no detrimental effect on quality grade or carcass SPBBB yield. Incidence des extraits solubles secs de distillerie de ble´ou de maı¨s sur le rendement et les parame`tres de la carcasse des bouvillons d'engrais. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 259Á269. Les auteurs ont effectue´une e´tude sur des bouvillons hybrides (n 0275; 376924 kg) en vue d'e´valuer le rendement et la qualite´de la carcasse des animaux engraisse´s avec des extraits solubles secs de distillerie (ESSD) de ble´ou de maı¨s. La ration te´moin contenait 86,6 % de flocons d'orge, 5,7 % de supple´ment et 7,7 % d'ensilage d'orge (matie`re se`che). Les quatre traitements incluaient la substitution de 20 % ou de 40 % d'orge (matie`re se`che) par des ESSD de ble´ou de maı¨s. Les animaux ont e´te´sacrifie´s quand leur poids atteignait 645 kg et on en a se´lectionne´une centaine au hasard (n 020 par traitement) pour de´terminer le rendement au de´tail de boeuf de coupe secondaire de´sosse´en caisse carton (BCSDCC). Les donne´es ont e´te´analyse´es comme si elles e´manaient d'un essai comple`tement randomise´ayant l'enclos pour unite´expe´rimentale. La concentration croissante d'ESSD de ble4To whom corres...
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