Manifold linkages exist between climate change and sustainable development. Although these are starting to receive attention in the climate exchange literature, the focus has typically been on examining sustainable development through a climate change lens, rather than vice versa. And there has been little systematic examination of how these linkages may be fostered in practice. This paper examines climate change through a sustainable development lens. To illustrate how this might change the approach to climate change issues, it reports on the findings of a panel of business, local government, and academic representatives in British Columbia, Canada, who were appointed to advise the provincial government on climate change policy. The panel found that sustainable development may offer a significantly more fruitful way to pursue climate policy goals than climate policy itself. The paper discusses subsequent climate change developments in the province and makes suggestions as how best to pursue such a sustainability approach in British Columbia and other jurisdictions.
The frame-to-frame coder described in Ref. 1 used an 8-bit PCM signal for input. If, instead, the signal is obtained by digitally integrating the output of an element difference mder, the quantization noise may be mis interpreted as motion, and cause unnecessary transmission.In the particular example of the Phase I coder,^ the quantization noise loads the frame codec to the extent that it produces an unacceptable picture.
In this paper, a frame-to-frame coder for Picturephone® signals is described which is capable of coding the digital output of a Phase I codec for transmission over a 2-megabit/second channel. Improved methods are used to segment the noisy picture into moving areas and background areas. The moving areas are then transmitted using a number of data reduction techniques. During periods of slow movement, clusters of frame-to-frame differences in the moving area are transmitted. For moderate movement, frame differences are sent only in every other field, the moving areas of intervening fields being transmitted by a conditional field interpolation technique. For rapid movement, 2:1 horizontal subsampling is used, and, finally, during violent motion when the buffer fills, frame repeating is used. The picture quality obtained from a laboratory simidation of this system is believed to be satisfactory even for a very active subject. With small amounts of motion the subjective quality is actuaüy improved because the visibility of the quantizing noise from the Phase I codec is reduced by the inherent frame repeating action of the coder.
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