The sea cucumber (Holothuria atra) extracts have been evaluated for the presence of bioactive compounds and various biological activities. The methanol extracts showed anti proliferative activities against the Hela and MCF-7 cell lines. Similarly the inhibitory effects of Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 cells were detected using the plaque reduction assay. The extracts of H. atra were purified using the silica gel column chromatography. The active fractions collected were observed for antimicrobial activity. The GC-MS analysis showed the availability of 59 compounds. The active bioactive compounds found in the H. atra were analyzed and their structure was identified using the 1HNMR and 13C NMR experiments.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-673) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
In phylum Echinodermata, the family Holothuridae is distinguished by its capacity of bioactive compounds. Sea cucumber Holothuria atra is commonly known as the lollyfish. The antifungal activity was detected using agar well diffusion method against the various fungal strains such as Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavis, Candida albicans and Penicillium chrysogenum. Relatively high antifungal activity was seen against Candida albicans at 100 µL −1 concentration of extracts. Zone of inhibition was measured at 18 mm of diameter. The anti-tumor activities were detected against the Vero and Hep2 cell lines using MTT assay. The cells were treated with H. atra extract at concentrations 0.07810mg mL −1 . The extract showed high proliferative activity against the Hep2 cells. The body wall extracts of sea cucumber (H. atra) showed effective antifungal and antitumor activities. All these findings suggest that the extracts could be used for the development of drugs.
This paper describes the evaluation of bacterial strain (MB2) bioactivity isolated from marine sponge. The sponge Echinodictyum gorgonoides associated bacterial strain MB2 was tested for its action against various human pathogenic bacterial isolates. The biochemical tests were done to determine the characterization of the bacterial strain and to identify the specific MB2 strain. The cytotoxicity studies of the bacterial strain (MB2) isolated from the sponge was analysed using the Brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay and confirmed against the glioma C6 cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The availability of proteins were analysed by using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. Finally, the isolated bacterial MB2 strain from the marine sponge E. gorgonoides was identified through means of 16sRNA sequence analysis. It was then confirmed by means of basic local alignment search tool (BLAST). From these results, it is confirmed that the strain MB2 is Staphyloccous sp. Hence it is assumed that the sponge associated proteins and the presence of secondary metabolites could be the source for determining various biological activities.
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