1Objectives: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is widely used in the treatment or prevention of HIV 2 and hepatitis B infection. TDF may cause renal tubulopathy in a small proportion of recipients. We 3 aimed to study the risk factors for developing severe renal tubulopathy. 4
Methods:We conducted an observational cohort study with retrospective identification of cases of 5 treatment-limiting tubulopathy during TDF exposure. We used multivariate Poisson regression 6 analysis to identify risk factors for tubulopathy, and mixed effects models to analyse adjusted 7 estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slopes. 8
RTD was present in approximately 20% of renal biopsies and comprised three distinct injury patterns with considerable clinical overlap. ATI was associated with TDF exposure, although the overall incidence of biopsy-defined ATI was low.
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