Caesarean section in modern operative obstetrics belongs to the leading place. Delivery by cesarean section replaced long-term traumatic childbirth with repeated stimulation of labor and such operations as extraction of the fetus at the pelvic end, obstetric forceps, vacuum extraction of the fetus. In the Russian Federation, the frequency of caesarean section has increased 3 times in recent decades and in 1995 it was 11%. In St. Petersburg, according to the Health Committee in 1995-96. it was 12. 8%, and in 2001 it reached 15. 1%.
The article provides a review of specialized literature in order to generalize and systematize data on modern ideas about endometrioid disease in the clinical practice of doctors of various specialties. The social signifi cance of this disease is indicated. The article refl ects the main modern ideas about etiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis. Although there are a number of issues, they are not studied completely. The crucial role of the immune system malfunction in the formation of endometrioid disease is highlighted. The genetic ideas about the development of endometriosis are refl ected. Modern approaches to the treatment of endometriosis and the place of cholecalciferol in modern complex therapy of endometriosis are presented.
The article presents the events of 1912–1913 that took place during the restructuring of the Military Medical Academy and the formation of the status of an army medical officer. The historical information about the role and duties of army medical officers in the Russian Imperial Army before the First World War is given.
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