Synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH) methods are popular and play an important role in many water resources analyses of un-ganged watersheds. These methods are simple, requiring only an easy determination of watershed characteristics, such as catchment area and river length. In some cases, they may also include landuse characteristics and serve as useful tools to simulate runoff from watersheds undergoing land-use change. To develop a synthetic unit hydrograph, several synthetic unit hydrograph models such as HEC-HMS, Nakayasu, SnyderAlexeyev, SCS, and GAMA-1 are commonly used in Indonesia. In this paper, a new method for computing the synthetic unit hydrograph based on mass conservation principles is presented. This mass conserving synthetic unit hydrograph calculation procedure, called the ITB SUH calculation method, has been implemented in the development of ITB-1 and ITB-2 SUH. The unit hydrographs are synthesized by using either a simple single function (ITB-1) or using two simple functions (ITB-2) combined with automatic adjustable peak discharge factors. Some applications of the method in computing design floods of small-and medium-size catchment are presented. The results show that, although input requirements for the ITB SUH calculation method are simple and the calculation is easy, the final results agree well with other methods developed previously.
The activities tend to decrease the land abilities in absorbing water and protecting surface soil for erosion, which finally affect the rise of vegetation damage, soil damage, surface run-off and erosionThe method of taking samples and analyzing environmental damage were conducted by purposive sampling. Data from laboratory tests of soil physical, chemical and biological properties were analyzed by statistical tests. Measurement result shows that the wide of Karai Watershed is 462 km 2 , in which covered forest wide is 115.5 km 2 (25%) and the wide of non-forest area (garden, dwelling site, road etc) is 346.5 km 2 (75%). Land Cover for non forest area is the biggest sediment source in Karai Watershed. Based on observation on field and laboratory analysis, it shows that conservation activities in natural forest to garden, road, and dwelling site have caused damages to soil (parameter bulk density and total fungi) and environment with indicators of erosion, sediment materials in Karai River and Karai 7 Project location. Observation result shows that program to reduce erosion and sedimentation could be implemented by integrated management program of Karai Watershed with priorities to develop mixed garden and agroforestry.
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