Since the discovery of superconductivity, there has been a drive to understand the mechanisms by which it occurs. The BCS (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer) model successfully treats the electrons in conventional superconductors as pairs coupled by phonons (vibrational modes of oscillation) moving through the material, but there is as yet no accepted model for high-transition-temperature, organic or 'heavy fermion' superconductivity. Experiments that reveal unusual properties of those superconductors could therefore point the way to a deeper understanding of the underlying physics. In particular, the response of a material to a magnetic field can be revealing, because this usually reduces or quenches superconductivity. Here we report measurements of the heat capacity and magnetization that show that, for particular orientations of an external magnetic field, superconductivity in the heavy-fermion material CeCoIn(5) is enhanced through the magnetic moments (spins) of individual electrons. This enhancement occurs by fundamentally altering how the superconducting state forms, resulting in regions of superconductivity alternating with walls of spin-polarized unpaired electrons; this configuration lowers the free energy and allows superconductivity to remain stable. The large magnetic susceptibility of this material leads to an unusually strong coupling of the field to the electron spins, which dominates over the coupling to the electron orbits.

The magnetic properties of the ground state of a low-density free-electron gas in three dimensions have been the subject of theoretical speculation and controversy for seven decades. Not only is this a difficult theoretical problem to solve, it is also a problem which has not hitherto been directly addressed experimentally. Here we report measurements on electron-doped calcium hexaboride (CaB) which, we argue, show that-at a density of 7× 1019 electrons cm-3-the ground state is ferromagnetically polarized with a saturation moment of 0.07 µ per electron. Surprisingly, the magnetic ordering temperature of this itinerant ferromagnet is 600 K, of the order of the Fermi temperature of the electron gas.

The magnetization, M(H< or =30 T,0.7< or =T< or =300 K), of (C5H12N)2CuBr4 has been used to identify this system as an S = 1/2 Heisenberg two-leg ladder in the strong-coupling limit, J( perpendicular) = 13.3 K and J( parallel) = 3.8 K, with H(c1) = 6.6 T and H(c2) = 14.6 T. An inflection point in M(H,T = 0.7 K) at half saturation, M(s)/2, is described by an effective XXZ chain. The data exhibit universal scaling behavior in the vicinity of H(c1) and H(c2), indicating that the system is near a quantum critical point.

We report a thermodynamic and transport study of the phase diagram of CeRh 1-x Ir x In 5 . Superconductivity is observed over a broad range of doping, 0.3 < x < 1, including a substantial range of concentration (0.3 < x <0.6) over which it coexists with magnetic order (which is observed for 0 < x < 0.6). The anomalous transition to zero resistance that is observed in CeIrIn 5 is robust against Rh substitution. In fact, the observed bulk T c in CeRh 0.5 Ir 0.5 In 5 is more than double that of CeIrIn 5 , whereas the zeroresistance transition temperature is relatively unchanged for 0.5 < x < 1. PACS number(s) 74.70.Tx, 71.27.+a, 75.40.Cx Submitted to PRL

Low temperature magnetic, thermal, and transport measurements in Ca2-xSrxRuO4 clarify the appearance of a cluster glass phase, after the evolution of a nearly ferromagnetic heavy-mass Fermi liquid from the spin-triplet superconductor Sr2RuO4. As the Mott transition is approached across a 2nd-order structural transition, both the magnetization and specific heat decrease considerably while the transport scattering rate diverges. A metamagnetic transition to a highly spin polarized state, with a local moment S=1/2, is observed. We argue that an orbital rearrangement with Ca substitution changes itinerant ferromagnetism to antiferromagnetism of localized moments.

Measurements of the de Haas-van Alphen effect in the normal state of the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn 5 have been carried out using a torque cantilever at temperatures ranging from 20 to 500 mK and in fields up to 18 T. Angular-dependent measurements of the extremal Fermi surface areas reveal a more extreme two-dimensional sheet than is found in either CeRhIn 5 or CeIrIn 5 . The effective masses of the measured frequencies range from 9 to 20m*/m 0 .

The de Haas -van Alphen effect and energy band calculations are used to study angular dependent extremal areas and effective masses of the Fermi surface of the highly correlated antiferromagnetic material CeRhIn5. The agreement between experiment and theory is reasonable for the areas measured with the field applied along the (100) axis of the tetragonal structure, but disagree in size for the areas observed for the field applied along the (001) axis where the antiferromagnetic spin alignment is occurring. Detailed comparisons between experiment and theory are given.

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