Outflow rate of small particles from the rumen of dry and lactating Chios ewes and Damascus goats were measured in two separate trials using Cr-treated soya-bean meal (SBM). In another trial, the in situ degradation of fish meal (FM) and SBM in the rumen of Chios ewes and Damascus goats were measured. Outflow rate (per h) of small particles from the rumen of the two species was similar but higher outflow rates were observed in lactating than in dry animals (dry ewes 0·054, lactating ewes 0·086, dry goats 0·057, lactating goats 0·081). With the exception of dry-matter degradability of SBM at 6-h incubation periods there were no significant differences between ewes and goats in crude protein or dry-matter degradability of both supplements at all incubation intervals. Degradation measurements at various incubation periods and effective degradation values were different between supplements.
A comparative study of the determination of nitrates in calcareous soils by the chromotropic acid, plienoldisalplionic acid and nitrate ion-selective electrode metliods \\-as in\-estijiatcd, using 0.03 s copper(I1) sulphate solution as estractant, which, in addition to being a preservative for nitrates, helps filtration and eliminates intcrfercnce by hydrogen carbonates in the ionselective electrode method. SilT-cr sulpliate, which had no effect on either procedure, can be added to thc estractant for the precipitation of chlorides.Sitrate in soil suspensions was determinccl by the ion-selective electrode method. Sitrites if present were eliminated by acidifying the extract with 1 N sulphuric acid containing sulphamic acid.To avoid reaction between soluble organic matter and sulphuric acid in the chromotropic acid method, reagents were added in two steps with continuous cooling. Sitrites were eliminated as in the ion-selective electrode method.Both methods were faster than the phenoldisulphonic acid method and gave identical results; the correlation coefficient was 0.999 8. Keywovds : Nitvate determination ; ion-selective electrode ; chromotropic acid method ; phenoldisulplzonic acid method ; calcareous soils for Soils,"
Dislodgable residues of acephate and its hydrolysis product methamidophos, dimethoate and its oxygen analogue omethoate (dimethoxon), and formetanate hydrochloride on citrus foliage were determined by gas–liquid chromatography. The use of 5% OV‐101 coated on a Carbowax 20M surface‐modified support (Ultra‐Bond 20M) allowed the reproducible analysis of dimethoate and omethoate residues. Formetanate hydrochloride residues were analysed as the free base, without preparation of a derivative, on a column packed with 5% Apiezon N coated on 80–100 mesh Ultra‐Bond 20M. The dissipation of the residues of the three pesticides applied to citrus trees was studied. Acephate and formetanate hydrochloride dissipation curves followed first‐order kinetics; dimethoate residues were best characterised by two first‐order kinetic processes. The half‐life values were 8.2 days for acephate, undeterminably long for formetanate hydrochloride, and 2.2 days (the 1–10 days portion) and 7.0 days (the 10–49 days portion) for dimethoate.
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