The low price of butanol and the high solvent efficiency of butyl acetate are fundamental to the thriving industry of modern nitrocellulose lacquers. The manufacture of this material by the fermentation of cornstarch is described in this article and the economic effect of the by-products of this process are discussed.
The heating chamber of this apparatus was essentially the same as that in Figure 1-i. e., a vertical inner tube to receive the sample, this tube immersed in a lead bath, and the bath heated in an electric furnace. As in determining the softening point, nitrogen was passed down through the steel coil and up through the inner tube containing the coal sample. At the bottom of the inner tube was placed a short solid cylinder of steel, somewhat smaller in diameter than the inner tube, with a flat-bottom well at its upper end. The coal to be tested was made into a briquet and placed in the well. On the briquet rested a steel rod which passed up through guides and carried a platform for weights at its upper end. In order not to place too much weight on the electric furnace, the inner tube was supported independently of the furnace as indicated in Figure 6. Table III-Plasticity of Coal at Temperatures below the Softening Point Coal No. Temp. Time Rod Elapsed Settled Remarks 10 0 C. 412 60 18 No further settling after 1 hour, briquet 10 405 110 3 deformed Briquet barrel-shaped at end of run 10 395 251 4 2 385 25 23
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