The aim of the present work was to study the potential of ultrafiltration with three polyacrylonitrile membranes (1, 10, and 25 kDa) to concentrate polyphenolic antioxidants in apple juice and extract. The permeate flux, total polyphenols, polyphenolic profile, phenolic acid content, and total antioxidant capacity were determined using the FRAP and DPPH tests, the content of water-soluble proteins during ultrafiltration was established, and the concentration factors and rejections were determined. The permeate flux decreased by increasing the volume reduction ratio and decreasing the molecular weight cut-off of the membranes. The concentration factor and rejection of polyphenolics increased with the increase in the volume reduction ratio (VRR) for all membranes and both liquids. The concentration and rejection effectiveness of the 1 kDa membrane was higher than those observed for 10 and 25 kDa during the ultrafiltration of the apple extract, while these values were comparable for 1 and 10 kDa during the ultrafiltration of the apple juice. The concentration factors and rejections of total polyphenols were higher in the extract than in the juice. Chlorogenic acid was the main compound in the polyphenol profile of apple juice. The total content of phenolic acids, determined by using HPLC, increased by 15–20% as a result of the membrane concentration, but the separation process did not significantly change the ratio between the individual compounds.

The present research aimed to examine the effect of dietary phytoextracts supplementation on the chemical composition and fatty acid profile in the meat of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.), cultivated in a recirculation system. The fish were divided into 6 groups: one control (C) and five experimental groups in the food of which phytoextracts of curcumin (EC), paprika (EP), thyme (ET), oregano (EO) and garlic (EG) were added. The inclusion of phytoextracts had no significant effect on growth parameters of fish from EC, EP, ET, EO and EG groups (P>0.05). No statistical differences on water content, protein and lipids were observed in the meat of fish from the control and the experimental groups (P>0.05). Statistically significantly higher value of the dry matter was established in ET group in comparson with C, EC, EP, EO and EG groups (P≤0.001). The values of ash were significantly lower in fish from all experimental groups compared to the control group. The inclusion of phytoextracts did not affect the fatty acid profile of fish from EP, EO and EG groups (P>0.05). Exceptions are EC and ET groups, which had the lowest value of C18:3n-3 α-linolenic compared to those from the control group (P≤0.05, P≤0.001).

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The study presents the results of the effect of different fertilization types on the biochemical composition of fresh and dried plum fruit of 'Tegera' cultivar. The scientific experiment was carried out in 2016 at Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture -Troyan. Three fertilization types were applied in the experiment: biological, conventional and granulated chicken manure. Higher values for sugars, anthocyanins, tanning substances and pectin were reported as a result of fertilization in comparison with the control. The highest content of total polyphenols in fresh 210.00 mgGAE/100 and dried 390.00 mgGAE/100 fruit was found in the conventional fertilization. The greatest level of antioxidant activity of fresh fruit was found in the variant of chicken manure -926.67 μmolTE /100 g and the conventional fertilization -597.78 μmolTE/100 g, while it was 220.00 μmolTE / 100 g in dried fruit variant with the biological fertilization.