Anomalous flow birefringent phases, sometimes designated as L3, have been identified in both the water-rich and the oil-rich parts of the phase diagram of the water(NaCl)-dodecane-pentanol-SDS system. The presence of these phases appears to be associated with that of swollen lamellar phases. Conductivity and neutron scattering results provide evidence that the structure of these phases consists of a highly connected, spongelike, random bilayer-continuous surface. The surfactant surface separates, depending upont the system, either two water-continuous domains or two oil-continuous domains. The data are consistent with a recent theoretical models.
The occurrence of a critical point in lyotropic smectic liquid crystal is experimentally evidenced by neutron and X-ray small-angle scattering experiments. In the vicinity of the critical point in the (c-T) phase diagram of a true binary system, we observe: 1) broadening of the Bragg peak of the coexisting lamellar phases; 2) strong scattering at small angle where the concentration and periodicity difference between the two phases (Lα) in equilibrium vanishes. First approximate values of the critical exponents are given.
Owing to the high dynamic range and resolution of image plates, digitization of the direct-beam profile as well as of two-dimensional small-angle X-ray scattering patterns gives data with enough accuracy to allow desmearing of two-dimensional patterns after corrections of geometrical distortions. A radial conversion of the images is used to compress the images and to isolate a small area of interest. The results obtained by the Wiener filtering method and the iterative method of Van Cittert on simulated patterns are compared.
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