Numerical simulation was performed on an axi-symmetric metallic die during a whole life cycle. It was shown that most important stresses are generated by the thermal gradients during heating up and repeated die removal from the press furnace and also by the clamping pressure during forming. The forming itself causes non dimensioning stresses. Creep relaxation during forming induces plastic deformation and distortion of mould after cooling down. To increase simulation relevance, new behaviour models are investigated for three classes of materials candidate for SPF dies: heat resistant cast steels, fibre reinforced refractory concretes and low cost monolithic ceramics.
A relatively recent development in prostheses manufacture is the use of superplastic forming technology formerly associated with industrial applications such as aerospace components. This paper considers the finite element incremental flow formulation for the simulation of the forming of thin and moderately thick titanium alloy sheet dental and medical prostheses and, in particular, the determination of the pressure-time cycle. Issues concerning material characteristics are discussed, and the process is illustrated by a number of examples. The application of finite element simulation in this context is ongoing, nevertheless interim conclusions are drawn and future directions for research are identified.
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