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Grain removed by house sparrows from standing crops of wheat and barley was estimated by sampling 5 ears at 30 points within a crop; errors can be minimised if the samples are taken just before harvest. Loss of grain averaged about 5%, but was as high as 20% in a few crops; a logarithmic transformation gave a 95% confidence interval for the mean loss to wheat crops of from 2.6% to 8.4%. Some birds flew at least a mile from their nests to feed on grain, which was preferred at the "milky" stage.

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