The purpose of the present study was to evaluate techniques for detection of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in swimming pool filter backwash water. Calcium carbonate flocculation was used for water samples concentration of 1 l filter backwash water samples. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) was used for separation of cysts and oocysts from detrital material. Cysts and oocysts were then detected using direct immunofluorescence. ColorSeed C&G was used as an internal standard. Recoveries were examined at several processing points. Highest recoveries (23% Cryptosporidium, 18% Giardia) were obtained using lower filter backwash volumes, greater IMS volumes, and addition of Tween20 to backwash samples prior to processing. The combination of CaCO3 flocculation, IMS and direct immunofluorescence was found to be an effective tool for the detection and quantification of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in filter backwash water samples.
Os lodos de esgotos tornaram-se uma importante questão na gestão das cidades devido ao enorme volume produzido diariamente, ao potencial de impacto ambiental e social deste produto e ao fato de seu gerenciamento e disposição serem um dos processos mais complexos em estações de tratamento de esgotos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a eficiência de filtros plantados com macrófitas no tratamento de lodo de tanque séptico e monitorar o processo de desaguamento e mineralização do lodo acumulado no leito do filtro. O sistema foi operado semanalmente com taxa de 125 kgST/m².ano e tempo de detenção hidráulica de 6 dias. O filtro apresentou eficiências de 95, 99, 87 e 95% para os parâmetros ST, DQOt, N-NH 4 + e P-PO 4 3-, respectivamente. O lodo acumulado apresentou a maior concentração de ST (49%), 83 dias após o último ciclo de alimentação do filtro. A concentração média de ST do lodo acumulado permitiu classificá-lo como sólido duro.Palavras-chave: lodo de tanque séptico; filtros plantados com macrófitas; tratamento de lodo séptico; biossólidos.
Use of Sludge Drying Reed Beds for Dewatering and Mineralization of Sludge from Septic Tank A B S T R A C TThe sewage sludge has become an important issue in the management of cities due to the volume produced daily, the potential environmental and social impact of this product and the fact that its management and disposition to be one of the most complex processes in sewage treatment plants. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficiency of sludge drying reed beds in the treatment of septic tank sludge and monitor the process of dewatering and mineralization of the residual sludge. The system was operated weekly, with rate of 125 kgST/m².year and hydraulic retention time of 6 days. The filter presented efficiencies of 95, 99, 87 and 95% for parameters TS, COD, N-NH 4 + e P-PO 4 3-, respectively. Residual sludge had the highest concentration of TS (49%), 83 days after the last cycle the filter. The average concentration of TS presented the residual sludge allowed to classify it as a solid hard.
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