The major relationships in the Toms effect in direct crude oil emulsions differing in the dispersed phase concentration were studied on a modified turbulent rheometer with anionic copolymer of acrylamide as the polymer additive. The Toms effect was studied as influenced by the polymeric additive concentration and shear stress.One of the most important and urgent problems currently faced by the oil extraction industry is development of efficient, scientifically sound power-saving technologies accelerating high-speed pipeline transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials [1,2]. Unlike laboratory experiments, real processes yield a waterrich end product, which creates additional problems. In view of the fact that the water enrichment of the extracted crude oil tends to increase with increasing time of exploitation of wells [3], this necessitates a search for new methods of intensifying the transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials. This concerns not only dehydrated but also water-enriched oil-containing dispersed systems with a complex composition, above all, direct (oil-in-water) and reverse (water-in-oil) emulsions [4,5].In this situation, much promise is offered by polymeric additives (PAs) introduced into the dispersion medium in minor amounts in order to reduce the hydraulic resistance in turbulent streams of disperse systems (Toms effect). The Toms effect was most successfully applied to dehydrated oil [6,7]. Good performance of PAs can be illustrated by the results of the tests on the 125-km long Tikhoretsk3Novorossiisk main crude oil pipeline with the internal diameter of the pipe of 0.8 m [8]. With nonpolar high-molecularweight polyhexene in the concentration of 8 g cm !3 as additive, the oil transportation was considerably accelerated owing to a 20% decrease in the friction loss.Good performance of polyolefin-based nonpolar polymeric additives as turbulence [quenchers] in oil streams was also confirmed by experiments on pumping dehydrated oil through the Aleksandrovskoe3 Anzhero3Sudzhensk main pipeline (oil density 850 kg m !3 ; kinematic viscosity 5 0 10 !6 m 2 s !1 ;Reynolds number Re = 3.5 0 10 5 at shear stress of 3 Pa) [9].The promise of ionic and nonionic water-soluble (co)polymers for decreasing the hydrodynamic resistance in oil-containing disperse systems is understood to a much lesser extent. There are only fragmentary data confirming the suitability for this purpose of water-soluble polymer additives [10] whose essential properties need to be characterized more precisely [11]. At the same time, development of technologies of high-speed transportation of oil streams using water-soluble PAs is well justified: They showed the best performance in development and application of industrial technologies intensifying high-speed transportation of water streams [12,13].Here, we continue our previous studies [14] by quantitatively analyzing the Toms effect as influenced by the concentration of water-soluble PAs (anionic copolymers of acrylamide) and by the velocity of the turbulent streams of direct oil em...
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