This paper provides the first report of an intensive empirical study of social relations of unemployment on a Glasgow housing estate. Its sample is divided into two equal, age‐based categories corresponding to families where the male ‘head of household’ is over 25 and has a previous record of regular work, and those under 25 where such experience is absent. The paper identifies and examines a domestic and work‐linked cycle which has been disrupted by unemployment. On this basis we then consider the differential adaptation to unemployment of the two groups; differences in their gender relations and differences in the forms and degrees of their reliance on kin and other support. We finally and tentatively propose some connections between unemployment and domestic conflict.
SynopsisSuccessive overrelaxation methods have been used to calculate potential gradients around a spherical high-voltage electrode separated from an earthed plate by a plane or recessed dielectric slab. The distance from the sphere to the earthed plate has been made one half of the sphere radius for most of the calculations, and the ratio of the permittivities of the dielectric slab and the surrounding medium has been varied. For a limited range of slab-thickness/sphere-radius ratios, it is shown that the highest potential gradient in a plane slab may be calculated by assuming that a uniform permittivity exists throughout and by using a fictitious sphere-radius/electrode-separation ratio. For a plane slab having a permittivity 4 times that of the surrounding medium, and for slab a thickness equal to the sphere radius, the highest potential gradient in the medium is found to be nearly 14 times the average gradient in the shortest gap. When the slab thickness is one half of the sphere radius, the highest potential gradient in the medium is still about 9 times the gap average, but this is considerably reduced when a recessed slab is used. The potential-gradient transitions at the point where the surface of the recessed dielectric slab meets the sphere surface have been determined and analysed.
List of symbolsa = mesh length for relaxation b = radius of cylindrical region relaxation used for C 2 , C3, h 2 , h 3 , CA 1 , >• = factors used in relaxation process
K)D = electric-flux density d = dielectric-slab thickness E = potential gradient e -permittivity of dielectric ej, e 2 -relative permittivities of surrounding medium and dielectric slab, respectively e 3 -relative permittivity of vessel enclosing dielectric slab and medium e R = relative permittivity of space surrounding test vessel g -separation of sphere and earthed plate h = axial height of cylindrical region used for relaxation R = sphere radius r = radial distance from axis of symmetry p = electric resistivity S = €,/€ 2 9 h 6 2 = angles of incidence and refraction of line of electrostatic flux meeting interface V = potential to = acceleration factor for relaxation z = axial distance below an origin placed at centre of sphere
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.