GFZ intensified the bacteriostatic effect of 4 Ag/ml NFX and rendered 8 ltg/ml bactericidal for L . monocytogenes . GFZ had a similar potentiating effect when used in combination with 2 ug/ml ciprofloxacin (CFX) . CFX plus GFZ was bactericidal for intracellular L . monocytogenes . Treatment of J774 cells with NFX plus GFZ markedly reduced the cytotoxic effect of the bacteria on these cells . Over 55% of cells treated with 8 Ag/ml NFX alone were dead 16 h after infection, whereas only 5% of cells treated with 8 p,g/ml NFX plus GFZ were dead at 16 h. Similarly, GFZ potentiated the ability of 2 NAg/ml to protect J774 cells against the cytocidal effect of Listeria. NFX in combination with GFZ limited cell-to-cell spread of L . monocytogenes . In antibiotic-free medium, >99% of J774 cells contained intracellular L . monocytogenes at 14 h after infection . NFX alone in the medium did not change this outcome . However, 4 p,g/ml NFX plus GFZ decreased bacterial spread by approximately 40% at 24 h postinfection, and 8 lAg/ml NFX plus GFZ prevented all spread beyond the initially infected cell population . These results suggest that GFZ could be used clinically to enhance the efficacy of fluoroquinolone and of other anionic antibiotics against bacteria that grow and/or reside within macrophages and/or other cells .
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