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On‐site biological cleanup following spills of biodegradable hazardous organic compounds in lagoon, soil, and ground water environments is a cost‐effective technique when proper engineering controls are applied. Biodegradation of hazardous organic contaminants by microorganisms minimizes liability by converting toxic reactants into harmless end products. Three case histories presented in this paper detail: • Bench‐scale evaluation of the potential for biological remediation in the spill site matrix • Field implementation of biological treatment techniques. Cost‐effectiveness, minimal disturbance to existing operations, and on‐site destruction of spilled contaminants are several of the advantages identified for implementing biodegradation as a technique for spill cleanup and environmental restoration.

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